LAB WEEK 1 Flashcards
network is produced as a consequence of water’s highly-interlocked hydrogen-bonded structure
COHESIVE
makes water molecules attracted to other substances
ADHESION
Water is attracted to water
Cohesion
Water is attracted to other substances
ADHESION
Water is an excellent solvent because of its hydrogen-bonding potential and its
polar nature
Polar molecules occur when two atoms do not share electrons equally ina covalent bond
POLARITY
”water loving”
molecules capable of forming hydrogen bonds
PROTEINS and NUCLEIC ACIDS
HYDROPHILIC
”water fearing”
non-polar, non-ionic compounds
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROPHOBIC
”both hydrophobic and hydrophilic”
Hydrophilic HEAD and a Hydrophobic TAIL
FATTY ACIDS, DETERGENTS, and LIPIDS
AMPHIPATHIC
Movement of substances from a LOWER concentration to a HIGHER concentration
Requires energy (ATP)
uses enzymes as carriers
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Movement of substances from a HIGHER concentration to a LOWER concentration
No energy is required
Osmosis, Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
is the transport of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates two solutions of differing solute concentration.
Osmosis
During osmosis, the solvent moves from the solution that is
low in solute concentration to the solution that is high in solute concentration.
the ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis
Tonicity
Solvent concentration outside the cell is GREATER THAN inside the cell which will cause water to MOVE OUT making the cells dehydrated thus the cells assuming a “crenated” or “shrunken” appearance
Hypertonic
Solvent concentration outside the cell is EQUAL to the concentration inside the cell which will cause water to EVENLY move in and out of the cell. Cells maintain their regular morphology.
Isotonic
Solvent concentration outside the cell is LESS THAN the concentration inside the cell which will cause water to ENTER the cell. Excessive water inside the cell will make it appear “swollen” and will eventually burst.
Hypotonic
a process wherein a solution of higher concentration of solute is pushed to an area with the lowest concentration of solutes via a semi-permeable membrane. The process, as it requires a “push”, needs energy to be facilitated.
Reverse Osmosis
