CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

are hydrates of aldehyde or ketone derivatives based on the location of the CO functional group

Answer 1

CARBOHYDRATES

Question 2

is the simplest carbohydrate with the formula CHO

Answer 2

glycol aldehyde

Question 3

is the ONLY carbohydrate that can be directly used for energy

Answer 3

GLUCOSE

Question 4

storage form of GLUCOSE

Answer 4

GLYCOGEN

Question 5

The 3 MAIN yields of glucose oxidation are:

Answer 5

Carbon Dioxide
Water
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 6

cannot be broken down by hydrolysis into simpler (smaller) carbohydrate molecules.

Answer 6

Monosaccharides

Question 7

examples of MONOSACCHARIDES

Answer 7

GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE

PENTOSES

Question 8

“double sugar”, any substance that is composed of two molecules of simple sugars (monosaccharides) linked to each other

crystalline water-soluble compounds.

Answer 8

Disaccharides

Question 9

examples of DISACCHARIDES

Answer 9

SUCROSE (G+F)
MALTOSE (G+G)
LACTOSE (G+Gal)

Question 10

type of carbohydrate formed when three to 10 simple sugars are linked together by glycosidic bonds

Answer 10

Oligosaccharides

Question 11

examples of OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Answer 11

RAFFINOSE

STACHYOSE

Question 12

storage form of glucose in plants

Answer 12

STARCH

Question 13

storage form of glucose in animals

Answer 13

GLYCOGEN

Question 14

long chains of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.

Answer 14

Polysaccharides

Question 15

the presence of double bonds and a (-) charge in the -enol anion

Answer 15

REDUCING SUGARS

Question 16

examples of reducing sugars

Answer 16

glucose
maltose
fructose
lactose
galactose

Question 17

does not contain an active ketone or aldehyde group

Answer 17

NON-REDUCING SUGARS

Question 18

example of non-reducing sugars

Answer 18

SUCROSE

Question 19

Phenomenon in which a molecule forms isomers that have the same composition but that differ in the orientation of those parts in space.

Answer 19

Stereoisomerism

Question 20

two kinds of stereoisomers

Answer 20

enantiomers and diastereomers.

Question 21

pair of molecules that exist in two forms that are mirror images of one another but cannot be superimposed one upon the other.

Answer 21

ENANTIOMERS

Question 22

are not related as object and mirror image and are notenantiomers. Unlike enatiomers whichare mirror imagesof each other andnon-sumperimposable, diastereomers arenot mirror imagesof each other andnon-superimposable

Answer 22

DIASTERIOMERS

Question 23

the structure of Glucose can be represented in 3 ways

Answer 23

1. Straight-chain Form
2. Cyclic Structure (Fisher-Haworth Projection)
3. Chair Form (3D Form)

Question 24

the Cyclic Projection of the structure of Glucose

Answer 24

Fisher-Haworth Projection

Question 25

thermodynamically stable the molecules viewed from the side and above the plane of the ring; the bonds nearest to the viewer are bold and thickened, and the hydroxyl groups are above or below the plane of the ring.

Answer 25

Fisher-Haworth Projection

Question 26

is an isomer of glucose that has -OH group present on the first carbon atom is on the same side as that of the CH2OH molecule group. 

Answer 26

Alpha Glucose 

Question 27

is also an isomer of D-glucose in which the -OH group placed on the first carbon atom is placed on the opposite side of the CH2OH group.

Answer 27

Beta Glucose

Question 28

When the –OH group is on the right, the sugar is

Answer 28

D-isomer (DEXTRO)

Question 29

When the –OH group is o the left, the sugar

Answer 29

L-isomer (LEVO)

Question 30

Isomers differing as a result of variations in configuration of the –OH and –H groups on carbon atoms 2, 3, and 4 of glucose

Answer 30

Epimers

Question 31

epimerized at Carbon 4

Answer 31

Galactose

Question 32

epimerized at Carbon 2

Answer 32

Mannose