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BIOCHEM > CARBOHYDRATES > Flashcards

CARBOHYDRATES Flashcards

1
Q

are hydrates of aldehyde or ketone derivatives based on the location of the CO functional group

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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2
Q

is the simplest carbohydrate with the formula CHO

A

glycol aldehyde

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3
Q

is the ONLY carbohydrate that can be directly used for energy

A

GLUCOSE

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4
Q

storage form of GLUCOSE

A

GLYCOGEN

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5
Q

The 3 MAIN yields of glucose oxidation are:

A

Carbon Dioxide
Water
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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6
Q

cannot be broken down by hydrolysis into simpler (smaller) carbohydrate molecules.

A

Monosaccharides

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7
Q

examples of MONOSACCHARIDES

A

GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE

PENTOSES

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8
Q

“double sugar”, any substance that is composed of two molecules of simple sugars (monosaccharides) linked to each other

crystalline water-soluble compounds.

A

Disaccharides

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9
Q

examples of DISACCHARIDES

A

SUCROSE (G+F)
MALTOSE (G+G)
LACTOSE (G+Gal)

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10
Q

type of carbohydrate formed when three to 10 simple sugars are linked together by glycosidic bonds

A

Oligosaccharides

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11
Q

examples of OLIGOSACCHARIDES

A

RAFFINOSE

STACHYOSE

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12
Q

storage form of glucose in plants

A

STARCH

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13
Q

storage form of glucose in animals

A

GLYCOGEN

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14
Q

long chains of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.

A

Polysaccharides

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15
Q

the presence of double bonds and a (-) charge in the -enol anion

A

REDUCING SUGARS

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16
Q

examples of reducing sugars

A 
glucose
maltose
fructose
lactose
galactose
17
Q

does not contain an active ketone or aldehyde group

A

NON-REDUCING SUGARS

18
Q

example of non-reducing sugars

A

SUCROSE

19
Q

Phenomenon in which a molecule forms isomers that have the same composition but that differ in the orientation of those parts in space.

A

Stereoisomerism

20
Q

two kinds of stereoisomers

A

enantiomers and diastereomers.

21
Q

pair of molecules that exist in two forms that are mirror images of one another but cannot be superimposed one upon the other.

A

ENANTIOMERS

22
Q

are not related as object and mirror image and are notenantiomers. Unlike enatiomers whichare mirror imagesof each other andnon-sumperimposable, diastereomers arenot mirror imagesof each other andnon-superimposable

A

DIASTERIOMERS

23
Q

the structure of Glucose can be represented in 3 ways

A
  1. Straight-chain Form
  2. Cyclic Structure (Fisher-Haworth Projection)
  3. Chair Form (3D Form)
24
Q

the Cyclic Projection of the structure of Glucose

A

Fisher-Haworth Projection

25
Q

thermodynamically stable
the molecules viewed from the side and above the plane of the ring; the bonds nearest to the viewer are bold and thickened, and the hydroxyl groups are above or below the plane of the ring.

A

Fisher-Haworth Projection

26
Q

is an isomer of glucose that has -OH group present on the first carbon atom is on the same side as that of the CH2OH molecule group.

A

Alpha Glucose

27
Q

is also an isomer of D-glucose in which the -OH group placed on the first carbon atom is placed on the opposite side of the CH2OH group.

A

Beta Glucose

28
Q

When the –OH group is on the right, the sugar is

A

D-isomer (DEXTRO)

29
Q

When the –OH group is o the left, the sugar

A

L-isomer (LEVO)

30
Q

Isomers differing as a result of variations in configuration of the –OH and –H groups on carbon atoms 2, 3, and 4 of glucose

A

Epimers

31
Q

epimerized at Carbon 4

A

Galactose

32
Q

epimerized at Carbon 2

A

Mannose

BIOCHEM (11 decks)

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