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HDT > Overview of Antineoplastics > Flashcards

Overview of Antineoplastics Flashcards

1
Q

What ADR is associated with Cisplatin?

A

Nephrotoxicity

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2
Q

What are the clinical indications for the use of Trastuzumab?

A

Breast & gastric cancers expressing HER2

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3
Q

What anticancer drugs are associated with neurotoxic effects?

A

Paclitaxel (peripheral neuropathy), Vincristine, Cytarabine, Oxaliplatin (peripheral neuropathy)

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4
Q

What anticancer drugs act primarily on the M phase of the cell cycle?

A

Vincristine & Paclitaxel

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5
Q

What anticancer drug is known to have adverse effects on the heart and could lead to irreversible CHF?

A

Doxorubicin

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6
Q

Peripheral neuropathy is an ADR associated with what anticancer drug?

A

Oxaliplatin

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7
Q

True/False. Starting cancer treatment after symptoms present always results in death.

A

True. Treatment must be started early and before direct symptoms begin for effective treatment.

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8
Q

What unique ADRs are associated with Bleomycin?

A

Skin pigmentation on the hands, pulmonary pneumonitis

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9
Q

What is the MOA for the aromatse inhibitors used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer?

A

Letrozole & Anastrozole - inhibits estrogen formation from testosterone

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Doxorubicin?

A

Inhibits topoisomerase II and causes formation of free radicals

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11
Q

What common toxicities are associated with nearly all antineoplastics?

A

Bone marrow suppression, GI damage, skin damage, loss of hair, sterility, nausea/vomiting

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12
Q

What anticancer drug is used to treat prostate cancer and inhibits FSH/LH secretion?

A

Leuprolide

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13
Q

Bleomycin is a cell cycle-specific anticancer drug that causes DNA strand breaks. In what phase of the cell cycle does it act?

A

G2 phase

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14
Q

What strategy is utilized with Cyclophosphamide to prevent its unique ADR?

A

Pre-hydration with mensa disulfide to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis

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15
Q

To what class of anticancer drugs does Meclorethamine belong?

A

Alkylating Agent

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16
Q

What is the MOA of vincristine?

A

Acts during M phase of the cell cycle to prevent microtubule formation

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17
Q

What is the most common method of antineoplastic resistance?

A

Increased P-gp function and drug efflux

18
Q

What is the MOA of Bortezomib?

A

Inhibits 26S proteasome degradation

19
Q

What ADRs are associated with Paclitaxel?

A

Neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy

20
Q

True/False. Chemotherapy should not be begun until after surgery to remove a solid tumor.

A

False. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is begun before surgery to shrink the tumor and improve results.

21
Q

What anticancer drugs inhibit topoisomerase II?

A

Etoposide & Teniposide

22
Q

What anticancer drug inhibits the DNA polymerase and is known to cause neurotoxicity?

A

Cytarabine

23
Q

What aromatase inhibitors are used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer?

A

Letrozole & Anastrozole

24
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a severe ADR associated with what antineoplastic drug?

A

Cyclophosphamide

25
Q

What anticancer drug cross-links DNA strands and has wide use with solid tumors?

A

Cisplatin

26
Q

What plant alkaloid anticancer drug is associated with neurotoxicity?

A

Vincristine & Paclitaxel (peripheral neuropathy)

27
Q

What small organic molecule inhibits the ABL portion of the tyrosine kinase?

A

Imatinib mesylate

28
Q

What is the MOA for the anticancer drug that may cause neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy as an ADR?

A

Paclitaxel - prevents polymerization of the mitotic spindle

29
Q

What anticancer drug crosses the BBB and is used to treat CNS tumors and meningeal leukemia?

A

Carmustine

30
Q

What is the MOA of Oxaliplatin?

A

Causes intrastrand crosslinks of DNA

31
Q

What is the MOA of Methotrexate?

A

Inhibits the dihydrofolate reductase required to activate folic acid

32
Q

What drug is administered to prevent the unique ADR of Doxorubicin?

A

Dexrazoxane chelates Fe to prevent free radical formation that causes cardiac toxicity with Doxorubicin use

33
Q

True/False. Leucovorin prevents toxicity with both Methotrexate & 5-FU.

A

False. Leucovorin prevents Methotrexate nephrotoxicity, but enhances the anticancer effects of 5-FU.

34
Q

Methotrexate and 5-FU both ultimately lead to the inhibition of the thymidylate synthase. What is the effect of this inhibition?

A

Inhibition of RNA & DNA synthesis

35
Q

What is the function of Leucovirin?

A

Folate analog that acts as a rescue drug to prevent Methotrexate nephrotoxicity

36
Q

Alkylating agents are (cell cycle specific/non-specific) anticancer drugs?

A

Cell cycle non-specific

37
Q

Topoisomerase inhibitors are cell cycle-specific. At what phase of the cell cycle do they act?

A

S phase

38
Q

What ADR is associated with Cytarabine?

A

Neurotoxicity

39
Q

How do the MOAs of Methotrexate and 5-Fluorouracil differ?

A

Methotrexate inhibits the dihrydrofolate reductase. This ultimately leads to the inhibition of the thymidylate synthase. 5-FU directly inhibits the thymidylate synthase.

40
Q

What Cyclophosphamide metabolite is responsible for causing hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Acrolein

HDT (36 decks)

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