Acute & Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
What chemicals mediate pain?
Prostaglandins, bradykinin, substance p
The absence of sialyl-lewis glycoprotein causes what disease?
LAD II
Patients with MPO deficiency often present with what?
Recurrent Canidia infections
Macrophages are seen in what type of inflammation?
Chronic inflammation
What is the primary mediator of vasodilation in acute inflammation?
Histamine
What immune cells are most prominent in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
What protein mediates the transmigration of leukocytes from across the endothelium?
PECAM-1
What enzyme is defective in Chronic Granulomatous disease?
NADPH Oxidase - cannot form ROS
What is the clinical presentation of LAD II?
Shore stature, developmental delay, recurrent infections, leukocytosis
What are the characteristics of purulent/suppurative inflammation?
Exudate of pus filled with neutrophils caused by bacterial infection
What cytokine stimulates monocytes to divide?
IL-6
A patient presents with an ulcerative lesion, but no pus is present. What immune disorder may they have?
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)
What receptors mediate leukocyte rolling?
Selectins
What is the function of MPO?
Forms hypochlorous acid that amplifies the effects of ROS
What chemicals mediate leukocyte adhesion and activation?
IL-1, TNF, chemokines, complement, Leukotrienes
How can MPO deficiency and Chronic Granulomatous disease be differentiated in a laboratory?
NPT is normal in MPO deficiency, but colorless in Chronic Granulomatous disease
Scarring of tissue by fibrin is a form of what type of acute inflammation?
Fibrous inflammation
What protein on leukocytes binds to selectins?
Sialyl-Lewis X-modified glycoprotein
Integrins mediate what process of leukocyte activation in acute inflammation?
Adhesion to endothelium
What is the clinical presentation of LAD I?
Delayed umbilical cord separation, omphalitis (inflammation of umbilicus), periodontitis
A patient has defects in phagolysosomal fusion that increases susceptibility to pyogenic infections. What defect is present? What is the name of the disorder?
Mutation in CHS1/LYST gene - Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Epitheliod cells play a role in what type of diseases?
Granulomatous diseases
Friction blister is a form of what type acute inflammation?
Serous inflammation - separation of dermis and epidermis by serous effusion
What is the clincal presentation of Chediak-Higashi syndrome?
Oculocutaneous albinism, defective primary hemostasis, coagulation defect s (easy bruising)
What causes LAD I?
Deficiency/defect in b-2 integrin (CD18)
What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?
Tissue destruction
What are the three components of acute inflammation?
Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, emigration of leukocytes
Histamine, serotonin, and complement mediate what response in acute inflammation?
Vascular permeability
