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Biology > overall test 2 review > Flashcards

overall test 2 review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The endocrine system includes cells, tissues, and organs that are collectively called..

A

endocrine glands

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2
Q

The glands secrete chemical substances called hormones, which travel in…

A

the blood stream

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3
Q

When the substances reach target cells, they bind to…

A

receptors and effect change in that cell

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4
Q

What makes a cell a target cell for a hormone?

A

Target cells have specific receptors for the hormone

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5
Q

The hypothalamus uses nervous stimulations to control the secretion of hormones from which gland?

A

The posterior pituitary

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6
Q

Thyroxine/thyroid gland function

A

affects metabolic processes to increase energy and growth

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7
Q

Calcitonin//thyroid gland function

A

Decreases calcium and phosphate levels in the blood

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8
Q

Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid gland

A

Increases calcium and phosphate levels in the blood

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9
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine/adrenall medulla

A

Actions are simillar to the sympathetic response

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10
Q

Aldosterone/ adrenal cortex

A

Regulates electrolytes in the blood

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11
Q

Cortisol/adrenal cortex

A

affects glucose metabolism

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12
Q

adrenal androgens/adrenal cortex

A

supplements the major sex hormone

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13
Q

insulin/pancreas

A

decreases blood glucose levels, increases anabolic processes

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14
Q

glucagon/pancreas

A

increases blood glucose levels, increases catabolic processes

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15
Q

Growth hormone(pituitary hormone P.H)

A

Increases size and division rate of body cells

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16
Q

prolactin(P.H)

A

sustains milk production after birth

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17
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone(P.H)

A

Controls thyroid gland secretions

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18
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone(P.H)

A

Controls adrenal cortex secretions

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19
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone(P.H)

A

stimulates development of eggs and sperm

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20
Q

Luteinizing hormone(P.H)

A

controls secretions from ovaries and testes

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21
Q

antidiuretic hormone(P.H)

A

causes kidneys to conserve water

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22
Q

oxytocin(P.H)

A

affects muscle contraction of uterus and mammary glands

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23
Q

What glands are found in the brain?

A
  1. The hypothalamus
    2.The pituitary gland
    3.The pineal gland
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24
Q

What hormone released from the endocrine gland would result in increased bone mass?

A

the growth hormone

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25
Q

What hormone controls the level of glucose in the body?

A

insulin

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26
Q

what endocrine gland secrets insulin?

A

pancreas

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27
Q

high blood glucose level and type 1 diabetes is a result of?

A

under(hypo)secretion of the hormone

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28
Q

What gland releases ACTH?

A

pituitary gland

29
Q

What is the action of ACTH?

A

stimulate the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex

30
Q

Excess or insufficient secretion of a hormone can result in the inability to maintain homeostasis. T or F

A

true

31
Q

endocrine disorders can be due to an inability of a gland to make hormones. T or F?

A

true

32
Q

When the body detects a life threatening change, a signal is sent to the..

A

hypothalamus

33
Q

atoms bond together to form..

A

molecules(chemistry)

33
Q

The response to stress includes an increase in activity of the sympathetic nervous system and increased secretion of…

A

adrenal hormones

34
Q

base?

A

Substance that combines with H+ to remove it from solution; increases PH

35
Q

Acid?

A

Substances that releases H+;decreases PH

36
Q

Buffer?

A

Substance that resists a change in PH

37
Q

Salt?

A

Product of a reaction between an acid and a base

38
Q

What is measured in determining PH?

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

39
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

Metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules

40
Q

Oxygen

A

Metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules need this molecule to work effectively

41
Q

Salt

A

When this type of compound dissociates, it releases ions

42
Q

water

A

This compound serves as a solvent, a transport medium and a participant in lots of chemical reactions

43
Q

Organic substances contain both carbon and hydrogen while…

A

inorganic substances do not

44
Q

Elements present:C,H,O
General form: Monosaccharride, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide
Functions:Provide energy, cell structure

A

Carbohydrates

45
Q

Elements present:C,H,O(often P)
General form: Triglyceride’s, Phospholipids, Steroids
Functions: Provide energy, cell structure

A

Lipids

46
Q

Elements present: C,H,O,N(often P)
General form:Polypeptide chain
Functions: Provide cell structure, enzymes, energy

A

proteins

47
Q

Elements present: C,H,O,N,P
General form: Polynucleotide chain
Functions: Store info for protein synthesis, control cell activities

A

Nucleic acids

48
Q

Monosaccharide carbs

A

1.Galactose
2.Fructose
3.Glucose
4.Trapezoid like thing

49
Q

Disaccharides

A

1.Two trapezoid like things connected
2.Sucrose
3.Lactose

50
Q

Polysaccharides

A

1.A bunch of little trapezoid things connected in a line
2.Glycogen
3.Starch

51
Q

The class of organic molecules that are hydrophobic

A

Lipids

52
Q

What molecule consists of 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule?

A

A triglyceride

53
Q

What does a phospholipid molecule consist of?

A

2 fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol

54
Q

A saturated fatty acid has no double bonds. T or F

A

True

55
Q

Facts about DNA

A

1.Storage of genetic info
2.Deoxyribose sugar
3.Functions in the nucleus
4.Double stranded

56
Q

Facts about RNA

A

1.Production of proteins
2.Functions in cytoplasm
3.Single stranded
4.Ribose sugar

57
Q

Anabolic reactions

A

Reactions in which smaller molecules are used to assemble larger molecules(I.e) Dehydration synthesis

58
Q

Catabolic reactions

A

Reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller components(i.e) hydrolysis reaction

59
Q

Energy is required for anabolic reactions while…

A

Energy is released during catabolic reactions

60
Q
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61
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62
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64
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66
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67
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68
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69
Q
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Biology (8 decks)

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