overall test 2 review Flashcards
The endocrine system includes cells, tissues, and organs that are collectively called..
endocrine glands
The glands secrete chemical substances called hormones, which travel in…
the blood stream
When the substances reach target cells, they bind to…
receptors and effect change in that cell
What makes a cell a target cell for a hormone?
Target cells have specific receptors for the hormone
The hypothalamus uses nervous stimulations to control the secretion of hormones from which gland?
The posterior pituitary
Thyroxine/thyroid gland function
affects metabolic processes to increase energy and growth
Calcitonin//thyroid gland function
Decreases calcium and phosphate levels in the blood
Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid gland
Increases calcium and phosphate levels in the blood
Epinephrine and norepinephrine/adrenall medulla
Actions are simillar to the sympathetic response
Aldosterone/ adrenal cortex
Regulates electrolytes in the blood
Cortisol/adrenal cortex
affects glucose metabolism
adrenal androgens/adrenal cortex
supplements the major sex hormone
insulin/pancreas
decreases blood glucose levels, increases anabolic processes
glucagon/pancreas
increases blood glucose levels, increases catabolic processes
Growth hormone(pituitary hormone P.H)
Increases size and division rate of body cells
prolactin(P.H)
sustains milk production after birth
Thyroid stimulating hormone(P.H)
Controls thyroid gland secretions
Adrenocorticotropic hormone(P.H)
Controls adrenal cortex secretions
Follicle stimulating hormone(P.H)
stimulates development of eggs and sperm
Luteinizing hormone(P.H)
controls secretions from ovaries and testes
antidiuretic hormone(P.H)
causes kidneys to conserve water
oxytocin(P.H)
affects muscle contraction of uterus and mammary glands
What glands are found in the brain?
- The hypothalamus
2.The pituitary gland
3.The pineal gland
What hormone released from the endocrine gland would result in increased bone mass?
the growth hormone
What hormone controls the level of glucose in the body?
insulin
what endocrine gland secrets insulin?
pancreas
high blood glucose level and type 1 diabetes is a result of?
under(hypo)secretion of the hormone
What gland releases ACTH?
pituitary gland
What is the action of ACTH?
stimulate the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex
Excess or insufficient secretion of a hormone can result in the inability to maintain homeostasis. T or F
true
endocrine disorders can be due to an inability of a gland to make hormones. T or F?
true
When the body detects a life threatening change, a signal is sent to the..
hypothalamus
atoms bond together to form..
molecules(chemistry)
The response to stress includes an increase in activity of the sympathetic nervous system and increased secretion of…
adrenal hormones
base?
Substance that combines with H+ to remove it from solution; increases PH
Acid?
Substances that releases H+;decreases PH
Buffer?
Substance that resists a change in PH
Salt?
Product of a reaction between an acid and a base
What is measured in determining PH?
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Carbon dioxide
Metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules
Oxygen
Metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules need this molecule to work effectively
Salt
When this type of compound dissociates, it releases ions
water
This compound serves as a solvent, a transport medium and a participant in lots of chemical reactions
Organic substances contain both carbon and hydrogen while…
inorganic substances do not
Elements present:C,H,O
General form: Monosaccharride, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide
Functions:Provide energy, cell structure
Carbohydrates
Elements present:C,H,O(often P)
General form: Triglyceride’s, Phospholipids, Steroids
Functions: Provide energy, cell structure
Lipids
Elements present: C,H,O,N(often P)
General form:Polypeptide chain
Functions: Provide cell structure, enzymes, energy
proteins
Elements present: C,H,O,N,P
General form: Polynucleotide chain
Functions: Store info for protein synthesis, control cell activities
Nucleic acids
Monosaccharide carbs
1.Galactose
2.Fructose
3.Glucose
4.Trapezoid like thing
Disaccharides
1.Two trapezoid like things connected
2.Sucrose
3.Lactose
Polysaccharides
1.A bunch of little trapezoid things connected in a line
2.Glycogen
3.Starch
The class of organic molecules that are hydrophobic
Lipids
What molecule consists of 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule?
A triglyceride
What does a phospholipid molecule consist of?
2 fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol
A saturated fatty acid has no double bonds. T or F
True
Facts about DNA
1.Storage of genetic info
2.Deoxyribose sugar
3.Functions in the nucleus
4.Double stranded
Facts about RNA
1.Production of proteins
2.Functions in cytoplasm
3.Single stranded
4.Ribose sugar
Anabolic reactions
Reactions in which smaller molecules are used to assemble larger molecules(I.e) Dehydration synthesis
Catabolic reactions
Reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller components(i.e) hydrolysis reaction
Energy is required for anabolic reactions while…
Energy is released during catabolic reactions
