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overall test 2 review Flashcards

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1
Q

The endocrine system includes cells, tissues, and organs that are collectively called..

A

endocrine glands

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2
Q

The glands secrete chemical substances called hormones, which travel in…

A

the blood stream

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3
Q

When the substances reach target cells, they bind to…

A

receptors and effect change in that cell

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4
Q

What makes a cell a target cell for a hormone?

A

Target cells have specific receptors for the hormone

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5
Q

The hypothalamus uses nervous stimulations to control the secretion of hormones from which gland?

A

The posterior pituitary

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6
Q

Thyroxine/thyroid gland function

A

affects metabolic processes to increase energy and growth

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7
Q

Calcitonin//thyroid gland function

A

Decreases calcium and phosphate levels in the blood

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8
Q

Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid gland

A

Increases calcium and phosphate levels in the blood

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9
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine/adrenall medulla

A

Actions are simillar to the sympathetic response

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10
Q

Aldosterone/ adrenal cortex

A

Regulates electrolytes in the blood

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11
Q

Cortisol/adrenal cortex

A

affects glucose metabolism

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12
Q

adrenal androgens/adrenal cortex

A

supplements the major sex hormone

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13
Q

insulin/pancreas

A

decreases blood glucose levels, increases anabolic processes

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14
Q

glucagon/pancreas

A

increases blood glucose levels, increases catabolic processes

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15
Q

Growth hormone(pituitary hormone P.H)

A

Increases size and division rate of body cells

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16
Q

prolactin(P.H)

A

sustains milk production after birth

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17
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone(P.H)

A

Controls thyroid gland secretions

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18
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone(P.H)

A

Controls adrenal cortex secretions

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19
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone(P.H)

A

stimulates development of eggs and sperm

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20
Q

Luteinizing hormone(P.H)

A

controls secretions from ovaries and testes

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21
Q

antidiuretic hormone(P.H)

A

causes kidneys to conserve water

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22
Q

oxytocin(P.H)

A

affects muscle contraction of uterus and mammary glands

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23
Q

What glands are found in the brain?

A
  1. The hypothalamus
    2.The pituitary gland
    3.The pineal gland
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24
Q

What hormone released from the endocrine gland would result in increased bone mass?

A

the growth hormone

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25
What hormone controls the level of glucose in the body?
insulin
26
what endocrine gland secrets insulin?
pancreas
27
high blood glucose level and type 1 diabetes is a result of?
under(hypo)secretion of the hormone
28
What gland releases ACTH?
pituitary gland
29
What is the action of ACTH?
stimulate the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex
30
Excess or insufficient secretion of a hormone can result in the inability to maintain homeostasis. T or F
true
31
endocrine disorders can be due to an inability of a gland to make hormones. T or F?
true
32
When the body detects a life threatening change, a signal is sent to the..
hypothalamus
33
atoms bond together to form..
molecules(chemistry)
33
The response to stress includes an increase in activity of the sympathetic nervous system and increased secretion of...
adrenal hormones
34
base?
Substance that combines with H+ to remove it from solution; increases PH
35
Acid?
Substances that releases H+;decreases PH
36
Buffer?
Substance that resists a change in PH
37
Salt?
Product of a reaction between an acid and a base
38
What is measured in determining PH?
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
39
Carbon dioxide
Metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules
40
Oxygen
Metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules need this molecule to work effectively
41
Salt
When this type of compound dissociates, it releases ions
42
water
This compound serves as a solvent, a transport medium and a participant in lots of chemical reactions
43
Organic substances contain both carbon and hydrogen while...
inorganic substances do not
44
Elements present:C,H,O General form: Monosaccharride, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide Functions:Provide energy, cell structure
Carbohydrates
45
Elements present:C,H,O(often P) General form: Triglyceride's, Phospholipids, Steroids Functions: Provide energy, cell structure
Lipids
46
Elements present: C,H,O,N(often P) General form:Polypeptide chain Functions: Provide cell structure, enzymes, energy
proteins
47
Elements present: C,H,O,N,P General form: Polynucleotide chain Functions: Store info for protein synthesis, control cell activities
Nucleic acids
48
Monosaccharide carbs
1.Galactose 2.Fructose 3.Glucose 4.Trapezoid like thing
49
Disaccharides
1.Two trapezoid like things connected 2.Sucrose 3.Lactose
50
Polysaccharides
1.A bunch of little trapezoid things connected in a line 2.Glycogen 3.Starch
51
The class of organic molecules that are hydrophobic
Lipids
52
What molecule consists of 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule?
A triglyceride
53
What does a phospholipid molecule consist of?
2 fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol
54
A saturated fatty acid has no double bonds. T or F
True
55
Facts about DNA
1.Storage of genetic info 2.Deoxyribose sugar 3.Functions in the nucleus 4.Double stranded
56
Facts about RNA
1.Production of proteins 2.Functions in cytoplasm 3.Single stranded 4.Ribose sugar
57
Anabolic reactions
Reactions in which smaller molecules are used to assemble larger molecules(I.e) Dehydration synthesis
58
Catabolic reactions
Reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller components(i.e) hydrolysis reaction
59
Energy is required for anabolic reactions while...
Energy is released during catabolic reactions
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Biology (8 decks)

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