Lecture 2

Question 1

Cell theory?

Answer 1

1.Cell is basic unit of life
2.All living things are composed of one or more cells
3.All cells come from preexisting cells

Question 2

Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes

Answer 2

Start

Question 3

Membrane bound nucleus

Answer 3

Absent in P
Present in E

Question 4

Organelles

Answer 4

Absent except ribosome in P
Present in E

Question 5

Size

Answer 5

2-6um in P
10-100 um in E

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

1 circulator chromosome in P
Multiple linear chromosomes in E

Question 7

Reproduction

Answer 7

Binary fission parent cell splits in 2
P
Mitosis-makes 2 identical cells
E

Question 8

Cell wall

Answer 8

Present in P
Absent in E except plants

Question 9

Number of cells

Answer 9

Always unicellular in P
Multicellular or unicellular in E

Question 10

Examples of prokaryotes

Answer 10

Bacteria and archaea

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

1.Contains DNA
2.Loosely coiled fibres of protein
3.Surrounded by double layer nuclear envelope that allows for passage
4.Nucleolus is small body in the nucleus

Question 12

Examples of Eukaryotes

Answer 12

Plants, animal and fungi

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

1. Most of cell volume
   2.Consists of clear liquids membranes and organelles

Question 14

Cell Membrane

Answer 14

1. Regulates movement in and out of cell
   2.Communicates with other cells
   3.Helps cells adhere to eachother
   4.Composed of lipids, proteins and carbs
   5.Embedded cholesterol molecules can move, forming a stable fluid film
   6.Membrane proteins called cellular adhesion molecules help determine a cell’s interactions with other cells

Question 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 15

Two types:
1.Rough(lipid synthesis, absorption of fats and metabolism of drugs)
2.Smooth(protein synthesis and processing)made of fluid filled bubble

Question 16

Ribosome

Answer 16

1.Provided structural support and enzyme activity for protein synthesis
2. Tiny spherical structures composed of RNA and protein
3.Bound to endoplasmic reticulum or in cytoplasm

Question 17

Golgi apparatus

Answer 17

1.Refines, packages and transports proteins formed in the rough ER
2.The proteins travel to the Golgi from the rough ER
3.The Golgi chemically modifies the vesicles contents
4.The vesicles stores or transports contents
5.Composed of flattened membranous sacs

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

1.House many chemical reactions that extract energy and produce ATP
2.Releases energy from food substances
3.They have their own DNA and reproduce by dividing
4.Elonagted fluid filled sacs
5.Has inner and outer layer

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

1.Contains enzymes that break down nutrients, ingested materials, worn out cell parts, toxins and drugs
2.Membranous sacs, formed by budding of the Golgi

Question 20

Peroxisome

Answer 20

1.Different set of enzymes than lysosomes
2.Enzyme function in the breakdown of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide and detox of all

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

Several thin, threadlike structures that are part of the skeleton not the organelles:
1.Microfilaments are made of protein actin and makes cellular movements
2.Microtubules are made of tubulin. They are attached in a spiral to form a long tube, important in cell division
3.Intermediate fibres are made of different proteins in different cells

Question 22

Centrosome

Answer 22

1.Involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division
2.Made of two hollow cylinders called centrioles
3.9 groups of three microtubules

Question 23

Cillia and Flagella

Answer 23

1.Motile extensions from the cell
2.Lots of short cilia on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells and they move in a wave
3. Lengthy flagellum can be found on sperm. Helps it swim!