Lecture 2 Flashcards
Cell theory?
1.Cell is basic unit of life
2.All living things are composed of one or more cells
3.All cells come from preexisting cells
Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes
Start
Membrane bound nucleus
Absent in P
Present in E
Organelles
Absent except ribosome in P
Present in E
Size
2-6um in P
10-100 um in E
DNA
1 circulator chromosome in P
Multiple linear chromosomes in E
Reproduction
Binary fission parent cell splits in 2
P
Mitosis-makes 2 identical cells
E
Cell wall
Present in P
Absent in E except plants
Number of cells
Always unicellular in P
Multicellular or unicellular in E
Examples of prokaryotes
Bacteria and archaea
Nucleus
1.Contains DNA
2.Loosely coiled fibres of protein
3.Surrounded by double layer nuclear envelope that allows for passage
4.Nucleolus is small body in the nucleus
Examples of Eukaryotes
Plants, animal and fungi
Cytoplasm
- Most of cell volume
2.Consists of clear liquids membranes and organelles
Cell Membrane
- Regulates movement in and out of cell
2.Communicates with other cells
3.Helps cells adhere to eachother
4.Composed of lipids, proteins and carbs
5.Embedded cholesterol molecules can move, forming a stable fluid film
6.Membrane proteins called cellular adhesion molecules help determine a cell’s interactions with other cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Two types:
1.Rough(lipid synthesis, absorption of fats and metabolism of drugs)
2.Smooth(protein synthesis and processing)made of fluid filled bubble
Ribosome
1.Provided structural support and enzyme activity for protein synthesis
2. Tiny spherical structures composed of RNA and protein
3.Bound to endoplasmic reticulum or in cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus
1.Refines, packages and transports proteins formed in the rough ER
2.The proteins travel to the Golgi from the rough ER
3.The Golgi chemically modifies the vesicles contents
4.The vesicles stores or transports contents
5.Composed of flattened membranous sacs
Mitochondria
1.House many chemical reactions that extract energy and produce ATP
2.Releases energy from food substances
3.They have their own DNA and reproduce by dividing
4.Elonagted fluid filled sacs
5.Has inner and outer layer
Lysosomes
1.Contains enzymes that break down nutrients, ingested materials, worn out cell parts, toxins and drugs
2.Membranous sacs, formed by budding of the Golgi
Peroxisome
1.Different set of enzymes than lysosomes
2.Enzyme function in the breakdown of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide and detox of all
Cytoskeleton
Several thin, threadlike structures that are part of the skeleton not the organelles:
1.Microfilaments are made of protein actin and makes cellular movements
2.Microtubules are made of tubulin. They are attached in a spiral to form a long tube, important in cell division
3.Intermediate fibres are made of different proteins in different cells
Centrosome
1.Involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division
2.Made of two hollow cylinders called centrioles
3.9 groups of three microtubules
Cillia and Flagella
1.Motile extensions from the cell
2.Lots of short cilia on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells and they move in a wave
3. Lengthy flagellum can be found on sperm. Helps it swim!
