Lecture 3

Question 1

Define metabolism and ATP in cell metabolism

Answer 1

1.Group of chemical reactions that acquires, store and releases energy into cells of body
2. ATP serves as the primary source of energy for all cellular activity

Question 2

What is the process of cellular respiration?

Answer 2

1.Releases chemical bond energy
2.This energy is stored in a molecule called ATP

Question 3

3 series of reactions in cellular respirations?

Answer 3

1.Glycolisis-2 ATP-occurs in cytosol
2.Citric acid cycle-2 ATP-in mitochondria
3. Electron transport chain-28 ATP-in mitochondria
4.32 ATP from one glucose molecule

Question 4

Cellular respirtation equation?

Answer 4

C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+energy +glucose+oxygen=carbon dioxide +water+ATP

Question 5

Passive movement in and out of the cell

Answer 5

1. Requires no energy from cell
   2.Move substances from a region of high to low

Question 6

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 6

1.Use membrane proteins to carry substances across the phospholid bilayer.
2.number of carrier molecules in membrane limits the rate of process

Question 7

Filtration

Answer 7

1.Forced through cell membrane
2.Blood pressure is used as force of filtration

Question 8

What substances use passive transport?

Answer 8

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, ions, glucose, amino acids

Question 9

Osmosis

Answer 9

1.Water moves across a permeable membrane from high to low concentration

Question 10

Tonicity

Answer 10

1.Dissolved solutes in a solution surrounding a cell
2. Affects size of cell

Question 11

Isotonic solution

Answer 11

1.A solution with the same osmotic pressure as body fluids
2.0.9 10 NACL is isotonic to human cells
3. Water moves into and out of cell at the same rate

Question 12

Hypertonic solution

Answer 12

1. Solution with higher osmotic pressure
2. Water mill move out of cells, they will shrink

Question 13

Hypotonic

Answer 13

1.Water moves into cell
2. Cells gain water and swell

Question 14

Active transport

Answer 14

1. Moving substances from low to high and requires ATP as energy
   2.Substances moved by active transport Na+ K+ Ca+2 H+, some sugars and amino acids

Question 15

Excocytosis

Answer 15

1.Molecules are released out of the cell by a vesicle

Question 16

Endocytosis

Answer 16

1. Pinocytosis
   -Cells engulf liquids
2. Phagocytosis
   -Cells take in solid particles
   3.Receptor mediated endocytosis
   -Progress by which cell takes in specific molecules that bind to receptors on cell membrane

Question 17

Hemodialysis

Answer 17

1.Removes extra salt and waster, keeps blood pressure in check

Question 18

Enzyme action facts

Answer 18

1. Controls rates of metabolic reactions of cell
   2.They function to lower the activation energy and are classified as catalysts
   3.They are not used up in the reactions they catalyze , they are recycled
   4.Each enzyme acts on a specific substrate

Question 19

Factors that alter enzymes

Answer 19

1.Some enzymes only become active when they coming with a nonprotein cofactor
2.Enzymes can be denatured by heat, ph ,extremes etc