Overall need review

Question 1

Other Cytokines

Answer 1

perforin and lymphotoxin (cell toxins)
gamma interferon (enhance killing power of macrophages)
inflammatory factors (mobilize and bring cells to inefction cite)

Question 2

lung compliance equation

Answer 2

delta Vl/ delta Ptp

Question 3

during the end expiratory lung volume… relationship of pressures

Answer 3

atmospheric pressure=alveolar pressure
pleural pressure is less than atmopheric pressure
WHY? Lung wants to collapse all the time
more pull=greater negative volume

Question 4

Pulmonary ventilation (l/min) equation

Answer 4

tidal vol (L/breath) X breathing freq (breath/min)

Question 5

alveolar ventilation

Answer 5

air that ACTUALLY ventialtes alveoli

Question 6

alveolar ventilation equation

Answer 6

(tidal vol-dead space vol) X breathing frequency
(l/breath) X (breath/min)
dead space= everywhere but resp. bronchioles and alveoli

Question 7

Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 7

volume that fresh air MUST mix with in order to inc lung O2 stores and dec lung CO2 stores
ERV+RV

Question 8

Small FRC

Answer 8

large fluctuations in O2 and CO2
inspiratory restiction
expiratory restriction

Question 9

Lungs recoil, air…

Answer 9

is compressed
alveolar pressure rises ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
EXPIRATION

Question 10

best places to look for mixed venous blood

Answer 10

right ventricle, right atrium, pulmonary artery

Question 11

Dalton’s Law

Answer 11

gas’s pressure is proportional to its conc

Question 12

carbonic anhydrase

Answer 12

CA
found in RBCs and endothelial cells of pulm caps
drive CO2 + H2O reaction to exhale CO2 (not to completion)

Question 13

bases

Answer 13

bind H+

by releasing Oh- to make H2O

Question 14

weak acid

Answer 14

incompletely dissociate
reach eqiulibrium at partial H+ release
depeds on H+ in fluid where they are