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PSIO 202 3 Respiratory > Lecture 16: Mechanics, lung volumes, ventilation > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Mechanics, lung volumes, ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

alternating flow of air into and out of lungs

due to actions of various resp. muscles

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2
Q

Inspiratory muscles function

A

expand rib cage

drive airflow INTO lungs

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3
Q

expiratory muscles function

A

depress rip cage
force air OUT of lungs
passive process
diaphragm is relaxed (dome shape)

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4
Q

Thoracic cage includes

A

ribs
costal cartilages
thoracic vertebrae
sternum

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5
Q

Respiratory Mechanics

A

how resp. muscles move the rib cage

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6
Q

respiratory pump

A

resp muscles, rib cage, pleural membranes, lung elastic tissues
designed to change shape of rib cages
causes pleural membranes to move out, dec pleural fluid, lungs out as well

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7
Q

Inspiratory Muscles (list)

A

diaphragm (primary)
external (and internal) intercostals (secondary)
move ribs up and out, expand rib cage
Sternocleidomastoid: elevate sternum
sclaenes: elevate top two ribs

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8
Q

Expiratory Muscles (list)

A

internal intercostals: pull ribs down and in, dec dimater of rib cage
Abdominal muscles: depress lower ribs, elevate diaphragm up into thorax
reduce throacic diameter and force air out of lungs
inc pressure in lungs

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9
Q

Inspriation pressure

A

pressure in lungs LOWER than pressure in atmosphere

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10
Q

Expiration pressure

A

pressure in lungs HIGHER than pressure in atmosphere

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11
Q

Respiratory mechanics

A

ventialtion depends on periodic pressure changes in lungs

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12
Q

Pressure changes in lungs depend on…

A

pleural membranes!

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13
Q

Inspeiration respiroatory mechanics ex

A

parietal pleura pulled outward
visceral pleura moves with it
so do lungs

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14
Q

Transpulmonary Pressure (P tp) equation

A

Ptp= Palv- Pip

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15
Q

Pip

A

intra plural pressure

space that surrounds lungs

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16
Q

Palv

A

intraalveolar pressure
pressure in alveoli
aka intrapulmonary pressure

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17
Q

Transpulmonary Pressure (P tp)

A

diff between Pip and Palv

cjamge pressure of plureal flud to affect lung pressure

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18
Q

pleural fluid pressure

A

NEGATIVE

so lungs don’t collapse

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19
Q

why lungs want to collapse

A

made from elastic tissue

20
Q

inspiration begins

A

contraction of diaphragm

21
Q

contraction of diagphragm causes thoracic cage to

A

enlarge

INSPIRATION

22
Q

when thoracic cage enlarges…

A

interpleural pressure decreases

INSPIRATION

23
Q

when interpleural space decreases

A

alveolia open
air pressure in alveoli decreases
INSPIRATION

24
Q

pressure gradeint of air in inspiration

A

atmosphere down to lungs

INSPIRATION

25
Q

when diaphragm relaxes

A

elastic tissue in lungs go inward

26
Q

lungs recoil… air

A

is compressed
alveolar pressure rises ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
EXPIRATION

27
Q

pressure gradeint of air in inspiration

A

lungs out to atmopshere

28
Q

End expiratory lung volume is the

A

period between breaths

29
Q

during the end expiratory lung volume… relationship of pressures

A

atmospheric pressure=alveolar pressure
pleural pressure is less than atmopheric pressure
WHY? Lung wants to collapse all the time
more pull=greater negative volume

30
Q

recoil direction of chest wall

A

outward

31
Q

recoil direction of lungs

A

inward

32
Q

opposing forces of chest wall and lungs result

A

negative pleural pressure

pull lung tissue to keep it from deflating

33
Q

Spirometers meassure

A 
lung volume subdivisions:
vital capacity
residual volume
expiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
total lung capacity
Inspiratory capacity
FRC?
34
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

volume that fresh air MUST mix with in order to inc lung O2 stores and dec lung CO2 stores
ERV+RV

35
Q

Large FRC

A

labored breathing

obstructive lung diseases (athsma, COPD)

36
Q

small FRC

A

large fluctuations in O2 and CO2
inspiratory restiction
expiratory restriction

37
Q

too little CO2 makes you

A

light headed

38
Q

Lung Compliance def

A

ease at which lungs are inflated

39
Q

lung compliane equation

A

delta Vl/ delta Ptp

40
Q

things that decrease compliance

A

asbetosis

things that thicken or stiffen lung tissue

41
Q

things that increase compliance

A

emphysema
very compliant lung because of breakdown of alveolar tissues, result in connected alveoli
air gets trapped some places
raises FRC as well

42
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

rate of lung ventilation

43
Q

Pulmonary ventilation (l/min) equation

A

tidal vol (L/breath) X breathing freq (breath/min)

44
Q

alveolar ventilation

A

air that ACTUALLY ventialtes alveoli

45
Q

alveolar ventilation equation (L/min)

A

(tidal vol-dead space vol) X breathing frequency
(l/breath) X (breath/min)
dead space= everywhere but resp. bronchioles and alveoli

PSIO 202 3 Respiratory (7 decks)

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