Lecture 20: Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory muscles controlled by

A

motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

respiratory muscles are sepcial because

A

they are under automatic AND voluntary controll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

automatic resp control depends on neurons in

A

medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DRG

A

dorsal resp group
inspiratory neurons
basic rythm of resp
active or not: active to inhale, not to exhale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

for normal breathing

A

just need DRG activated

only active to inhale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

VRG

A

expiratory neurons
ventral resp group
not always active, chilling during resting breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

VRG and DRG neurons are…

A

pre motor neurons
synapse on resp neurons
sent out of medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

rythmic breathing

A

depends on pacemaker like activity of brainstem

spontaneous depol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pacemaker like cells

A

are in brainstem
control DRG
alternatively turn inspiratory neurons on and off
deopl, rest, repeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

expiratory neurons at rest…

A

normally silent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

expiratory neurons when breathing increased

A

activated

VRG used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is DRG always active

A

because of rythm gen neruons with pacemaker like activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pneumotaxic center

A

to protect you
will inhibit DRG
if breathing too fast to slow you down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

apneustic center

A

promote breathing in
when we need more O2
stims DRG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when you stimulate breathing out forcefully

A

you’ll also breathing in forcefully

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

during normal quiet breathing DRG is….

A

active for 2 seconds

rests for 3 second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

receptors involved in breathing

A

pulmonary stretch receptors
central chemoreceptors
peripheral chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

respiratory neurons depend on info from

A

various specialized receptors

inform neurons about body’s need for ventialtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pulmonary stretch receptors in general

A

alert to how stretch lungs are and how much we are pulling thm
if lungs inflated too high, we can damage tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Central chemo-receptors

A

monitor conc of CO2 ONLY

21
Q

Peripheral chemo-receptors

A

monitor conc of O2 (mostly)

also sensitive CO2 and pH

22
Q

when DRG is active

A

2 secs
contract diaphragm and external intercostals
inhilation (normal)

23
Q

when DRG inactive

A

3 secs
diaphragm and external intercostals relax
elastic recoil of chest wall and lungs
exhilation (normal)

24
Q

when VRG active

A

internal intercostals, abdominal muscules contract

forecefull EXHILATION

25
Forceful breathing
coordination between DRG and VRG
26
Forceful inhilation
VRG SENDS message to DRG toINHALE harder | internal intecauses diaphragm, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes to contract
27
pulmonary stretch receptor locations
smooth muscle of some large conducting airways bronciloes bronchi
28
pulm stretch receptors stimulated when
broncioles inflated/stretch main stim is rate of change of lung stretch more stretch=more trigger
29
pulm stretch receptors innervated by
axons in Vagus nerve (X)
30
if you try to breath in too fast
body freaks because you change stretch too quickly
31
central chemo-receptors located
right below ventral surface of medulla
32
central chemo-receptors respond to
inc H+ ion conc in CSF inc H+ is result of CO2 that diffuses into CSF from blood and forms of H+ ions NOT OXYGEN
33
when conc of H+ goes up
an alarm signal is sent to the central chemo-receptors
34
peripheral chemo-receptors located
aortic arch | carotid sinus
35
peripheral chemo-receptors respond to (mainly)
low O2 levels in arterial blood elevated H+ ion conc elevation in CO2
36
peripheral chemo-receptors respond WEAKLY to
elevated H+ ion conc | elevation in CO2
37
peripheral chemo-receptors innervated by
axons from cranial nerves IX and X (glossopharyngeal and vagus)
38
peripheral chemo-receptors synapse on
neurons in DRG
39
pulmonary stretch receptor influences ______ center
pneumotaxic center
40
pulmonary stretch receptor influence on pneumotaxic center
``` inhibits DRG inhibits inhalation protective function this means cells switch from inspiration in expiration more quickly lung inflation stops deflation strongly encouraged ```
41
When CO2 (central chemoreceptors) receptors are set off..
we breathe in more | trigger inspiration area
42
response to change in conc of CO2, O2 and pH
negative feedback loop
43
result of breathing in more because central chemorecptors told us to
increase conc of O2 more air comes in blow off more CO2
44
when there central chemoreceptors are set off
too much CO2 | negative feeback loop
45
why peripheral monitor O2 in arterial blood
its on its way to the brain
46
if peripheral measure high O2
less frequent breathing
47
if peripheral measure LOW O2
more rapid breathing
48
irritant receptors
protect lung from changing shape too fast