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biology > Overall biology > Flashcards

Overall biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

State the 3 main roles of the skeleton

A

Support, Movement and Muscle Attachment

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2
Q

Name 3 different bones in your arm

A

Humerus, Ulna and radius

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3
Q

Describe the function of a tendon

A

Tendons connect muscles to bones

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4
Q

Describe the function of a ligament

A

Ligaments connect bone to bone

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5
Q

Give examples of a ball and socket synovial joint

A

Hip and shoulder joints

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6
Q

Give examples of a hinge synovial joint

A

Knee and elbow joints

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7
Q

Describe how muscles work in pairs in the arm to allow movement to flex (bend) the arm

A

The bicep contracts and the tricep relaxes

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8
Q

Describe how muscles work in pairs in the arm to allow movement to extend (straighten) the arm

A

The tricep contracts and the bicep relaxes

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9
Q

Correctly name 3 bones found in the leg

A

The tibia, the fibula and the femur

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10
Q

In a class of 20, 12 pupils reported they had a sprained ankle. What is this as a percentage

A

60% of pupils reportedly had a sprained ankle

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11
Q

At GWC 1200 pupils are in the senior school, if 35% of them have broken a bone, how many pupils would this be

A

420 pupils have broken a bone

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12
Q

Muscle=45% Bone=15% Fat=15% Other tissue=25% Write the ratio of bone: muscle tissue as a simple who number ratio

A

1:3

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13
Q

Name the test for starch

A

Iodine solution

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14
Q

Describe the colour change for a positive starch test

A

Brown to Blue/Black or just Black (not Blue)

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15
Q

Name the test for sugar

A

Benedict’s solution

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16
Q

What is digestion

A

The break down of large un-soluble food molecules into smaller soluble food molecules

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17
Q

Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food. name 2 places in the body where this happens

A

Mouth and stomach

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18
Q

Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of large insoluble molecule into smaller soluble molecules. Where in the body does chemical digestion take place

A

Mouth, stomach and small intestine

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19
Q

Where does absorption of nutrients occur

A

Oesophagus

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20
Q

In an investigation into the energy of food, 1g of food was burned to heat water. Calculate the temperature change if the initial change of the water 16.5 degrees Celsius this increased to 29.5 degrees Celsius

A

An increase of 13 degrees Celcius

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21
Q

Energy content of the food can be calculated using the formula 420xT (Temperature Rise) If 1g of pork was burned and the temperature increase by 50 degrees Celsius, what is the energy content of the pork

A

Energy content is 21000 units

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22
Q

If 3 different foods were used in this investigation and the energy content of the food is recorded which of these is the independent variable

A

The independent variable is the type of food being tested.

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23
Q

What are the small soluble molecules from the breakdown of starch called

A

Sugar or Glucose* You may remember this from the Benedict’s test

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24
Q

What is the function of the heart

A

Pumps blood around the body / muscular pump.

25
Q

What is the name of the vessel which supplies the heart with oxygenated blood

A

Coronary artery.

26
Q

Explain what a cardiac arrest is

A

A cardiac arrest is when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood around your body, commonly because of a problem with electrical signals within your heart.

27
Q

Explain what a heart attack is

A

If a coronary artery becomes blocked, blood flow to the heart wall is prevented and part of the heart wall muscles dies.

28
Q

Where does the blood pump to

A

The body.

29
Q

If the casualty is not breathing what should you do after you call 999

A

Start CPR.

30
Q

What is the name of the position you place someone in after they are unconscious but breathing

A

Recovery

31
Q

What is the pulse rate measured in

A

Pulse rate is measured in beats per minute

32
Q

From the graph, how many deaths Occured due to heart disease from non smokers

A

10,000 deaths due to heart disease occurred in nonsmokers

33
Q

What is the name given to this type of graph

A

Bar chart

34
Q

Name the apparatus that can be used to restart the heart

A

An AED (defibrillator) can stop a heart that is contracting abnormally and the heart may be able to restarts itself with a normal heartbeat

35
Q

From the graph what conclusion can be drawn when comparing non smokers to cigarette smokers

A

There were three times more deaths of cigarette smokers than non smokers

36
Q

What is asexuel reproduction

A

Asexual reproduction involves one parent producing genetically similar offspring.

37
Q

What is sexual reproduction

A

sexual reproduction involves two parents having sexual intercourse to bring their gametes (sex cells) together in order to produce offspring.

38
Q

Name the part of the reproductive system that produces the gametes in the males and females

A

Testes in males and ovaries in females.

39
Q

What is the name given to the release of an egg cell from the ovary each month

A

Ovulation

40
Q

Name the parts of the male reproductive system

A

Bladder, Gland, Penis, Sperm Duct, Urethra, Testes, Foreskin, Scrotum

41
Q

Where in the female reproductive system does fertilisation occur

A

oviduct

42
Q

what is the role of the placenta

A

Allows mother and baby to exchange essential material/glucose/oxygen/urea/CO2

43
Q

name the fluid that surrounds the foetus

A

Amniotic fluid

44
Q

different breeds of dogs have different lengths of pregnancy (gestation period) what is the mean average if a pug has a 58 day period a Labrador has a 63 day period and a Dalmatian has a 60 day period

A

Mean average gestation is 60.3 days or 60 days rounded.

45
Q

what is the simple whole number ratio of gestation period for a pug compared to a Dalmatian if a pug had 58 day and a Dalmatian had 60

A

Ratio of Pug : Dalmatian is 29 : 30 (both divide by 2)

46
Q

where in flowers does fertilisation occur

A

ovary

47
Q

what forms from a fertilised ovule

A

Seed N.b flower reproduction not in the assessment but these have been taught

48
Q

what do the sense organs detect from the environment

A

Stimuli

49
Q

Describe precisely the role of the central nervous system

A

The central nervous system coordinates information from the sensory organs to control the behaviour of the organism.

50
Q

what makes up the nervous system

A

brain, spinal chord and nerves

51
Q

what makes up the central nervous system (cns)

A

brain and spinal chord

52
Q

Name the 5 sense organs

A

Eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin

53
Q

label the parts of the eye

A

cornea, pupil, iris, retina, lens and optic nerve

54
Q

describe the function of the retina

A

Converts light into electrical impulses.

55
Q

describe the function of the lens

A

Focuses the light onto the retina

56
Q

explain what binocular vision is

A

Seeing with two eyes and it helps in judging direction and distance

57
Q

how do messages travel from the eye to the brain

A

Electrical impulse through the optic nerve.

58
Q

ears convert what waves into what impulses

A

sound waves into electrical impulses

biology (11 decks)

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