Overall biology Flashcards
State the 3 main roles of the skeleton
Support, Movement and Muscle Attachment
Name 3 different bones in your arm
Humerus, Ulna and radius
Describe the function of a tendon
Tendons connect muscles to bones
Describe the function of a ligament
Ligaments connect bone to bone
Give examples of a ball and socket synovial joint
Hip and shoulder joints
Give examples of a hinge synovial joint
Knee and elbow joints
Describe how muscles work in pairs in the arm to allow movement to flex (bend) the arm
The bicep contracts and the tricep relaxes
Describe how muscles work in pairs in the arm to allow movement to extend (straighten) the arm
The tricep contracts and the bicep relaxes
Correctly name 3 bones found in the leg
The tibia, the fibula and the femur
In a class of 20, 12 pupils reported they had a sprained ankle. What is this as a percentage
60% of pupils reportedly had a sprained ankle
At GWC 1200 pupils are in the senior school, if 35% of them have broken a bone, how many pupils would this be
420 pupils have broken a bone
Muscle=45% Bone=15% Fat=15% Other tissue=25% Write the ratio of bone: muscle tissue as a simple who number ratio
1:3
Name the test for starch
Iodine solution
Describe the colour change for a positive starch test
Brown to Blue/Black or just Black (not Blue)
Name the test for sugar
Benedict’s solution
What is digestion
The break down of large un-soluble food molecules into smaller soluble food molecules
Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food. name 2 places in the body where this happens
Mouth and stomach
Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of large insoluble molecule into smaller soluble molecules. Where in the body does chemical digestion take place
Mouth, stomach and small intestine
Where does absorption of nutrients occur
Oesophagus
In an investigation into the energy of food, 1g of food was burned to heat water. Calculate the temperature change if the initial change of the water 16.5 degrees Celsius this increased to 29.5 degrees Celsius
An increase of 13 degrees Celcius
Energy content of the food can be calculated using the formula 420xT (Temperature Rise) If 1g of pork was burned and the temperature increase by 50 degrees Celsius, what is the energy content of the pork
Energy content is 21000 units
If 3 different foods were used in this investigation and the energy content of the food is recorded which of these is the independent variable
The independent variable is the type of food being tested.
What are the small soluble molecules from the breakdown of starch called
Sugar or Glucose* You may remember this from the Benedict’s test
What is the function of the heart
Pumps blood around the body / muscular pump.
What is the name of the vessel which supplies the heart with oxygenated blood
Coronary artery.
Explain what a cardiac arrest is
A cardiac arrest is when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood around your body, commonly because of a problem with electrical signals within your heart.
Explain what a heart attack is
If a coronary artery becomes blocked, blood flow to the heart wall is prevented and part of the heart wall muscles dies.
Where does the blood pump to
The body.
If the casualty is not breathing what should you do after you call 999
Start CPR.
What is the name of the position you place someone in after they are unconscious but breathing
Recovery
What is the pulse rate measured in
Pulse rate is measured in beats per minute
From the graph, how many deaths Occured due to heart disease from non smokers
10,000 deaths due to heart disease occurred in nonsmokers
What is the name given to this type of graph
Bar chart
Name the apparatus that can be used to restart the heart
An AED (defibrillator) can stop a heart that is contracting abnormally and the heart may be able to restarts itself with a normal heartbeat
From the graph what conclusion can be drawn when comparing non smokers to cigarette smokers
There were three times more deaths of cigarette smokers than non smokers
What is asexuel reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves one parent producing genetically similar offspring.
What is sexual reproduction
sexual reproduction involves two parents having sexual intercourse to bring their gametes (sex cells) together in order to produce offspring.
Name the part of the reproductive system that produces the gametes in the males and females
Testes in males and ovaries in females.
What is the name given to the release of an egg cell from the ovary each month
Ovulation
Name the parts of the male reproductive system
Bladder, Gland, Penis, Sperm Duct, Urethra, Testes, Foreskin, Scrotum
Where in the female reproductive system does fertilisation occur
oviduct
what is the role of the placenta
Allows mother and baby to exchange essential material/glucose/oxygen/urea/CO2
name the fluid that surrounds the foetus
Amniotic fluid
different breeds of dogs have different lengths of pregnancy (gestation period) what is the mean average if a pug has a 58 day period a Labrador has a 63 day period and a Dalmatian has a 60 day period
Mean average gestation is 60.3 days or 60 days rounded.
what is the simple whole number ratio of gestation period for a pug compared to a Dalmatian if a pug had 58 day and a Dalmatian had 60
Ratio of Pug : Dalmatian is 29 : 30 (both divide by 2)
where in flowers does fertilisation occur
ovary
what forms from a fertilised ovule
Seed N.b flower reproduction not in the assessment but these have been taught
what do the sense organs detect from the environment
Stimuli
Describe precisely the role of the central nervous system
The central nervous system coordinates information from the sensory organs to control the behaviour of the organism.
what makes up the nervous system
brain, spinal chord and nerves
what makes up the central nervous system (cns)
brain and spinal chord
Name the 5 sense organs
Eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin
label the parts of the eye
cornea, pupil, iris, retina, lens and optic nerve
describe the function of the retina
Converts light into electrical impulses.
describe the function of the lens
Focuses the light onto the retina
explain what binocular vision is
Seeing with two eyes and it helps in judging direction and distance
how do messages travel from the eye to the brain
Electrical impulse through the optic nerve.
ears convert what waves into what impulses
sound waves into electrical impulses
