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biology > cell structure > Flashcards

cell structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what structures are Located within a plant cell

A

cell wall, mitochondrion, chloroplast, cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, nucleus, ribosome.

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2
Q

what structures are located within an animal cell

A

mitochondrion, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome.

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3
Q

what structures are located within a fungal cell

A

cell wall, mitochondrion, cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, nucleus, ribosome.

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4
Q

what structures are located within a bacterial cell

A

cell wall, cell membrane, absence of organelles, ribosome and plasmid.

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5
Q

what is the function of the cell wall

A

Gives the cell a rigid structure

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6
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration

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7
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast

A

site of photosynthesis

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8
Q

what is the function of the cell membrane

A

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

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9
Q

what is the function of the cytoplasm

A

site of many chemical reactions

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10
Q

What is the function of the vacuole

A

Stores cell sap, helps control water balance

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11
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

control cell activity contains DNA

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12
Q

What is the function of the ribosome

A

site of protein synthesis

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13
Q

what s the function of the plasmid

A

Ring of DNA that can be removed in genetic engineering

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14
Q

what type of cells are cell walls found in

A

plant, fungal and bacterial cells

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15
Q

what is the plant cell wall made up of

A

cellulose

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16
Q

what is cellulose

A

a structural carbohydrate

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17
Q

do cell walls in fungal and bacteria cells have the same funcion as cell walls in plants even though they are made up off different materials

A

yes

18
Q

what does the cell membrane consist of

A

proteins and phospholipids

19
Q

what does selectively permeable mean

A

it allows some substances to pass across it, but not all substances

20
Q

is their a difference in concentration between the outside of the cell and the environment that it is in

A

yes

21
Q

when does passive transport occur

A

when their is a higher concentration of substance on one side of the cell than the other

22
Q

during passive transport what does the substance move down

A

the concentration gradient

23
Q

does passive transport require energy

A

no

24
Q

what are two example of passive transport

A

diffusion and osmosis

25
Q

what is diffusion

A

diffusion is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

26
Q

do oxygen and glucose move into or out of the cell from a higher concentration

A

into

27
Q

does carbon dioxide move into or out of the cell from a higher concentration

A

out of

28
Q

what is osmosis

A

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

29
Q

what happens to animal cells as a result of osmosis

A

burst or shrink

30
Q

what happens to plant cells as a result of osmosis

A

become turgid or plasmolysed

31
Q

does active transport require energy

A

yes

32
Q

what does active transport do

A

move molecules and ions against the concentration gradient

33
Q

what is the structure of DNA

A

double-stranded helix held by complementary base pair

34
Q

what does DNA carry

A

the genetic information for making proteins

35
Q

what are the name of the four bases

A

Adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine

36
Q

within the double strand which four bases are always paired together

A

A and T, C and G

37
Q

what is the sequence of bases along a strand

A

genetic code

38
Q

what does the base sequence determine

A

amino acid sequence inside proteins

39
Q

what is a gene

A

a section of DNA that codes for a protein

40
Q

what is mRNA

A

a molecule that carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome, where the protein is assembled from amino acids

41
Q
A

biology (11 decks)

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