cell structure Flashcards
what structures are Located within a plant cell
cell wall, mitochondrion, chloroplast, cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, nucleus, ribosome.
what structures are located within an animal cell
mitochondrion, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome.
what structures are located within a fungal cell
cell wall, mitochondrion, cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, nucleus, ribosome.
what structures are located within a bacterial cell
cell wall, cell membrane, absence of organelles, ribosome and plasmid.
what is the function of the cell wall
Gives the cell a rigid structure
What is the function of the mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration
What is the function of the chloroplast
site of photosynthesis
what is the function of the cell membrane
Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
what is the function of the cytoplasm
site of many chemical reactions
What is the function of the vacuole
Stores cell sap, helps control water balance
what is the function of the nucleus
control cell activity contains DNA
What is the function of the ribosome
site of protein synthesis
what s the function of the plasmid
Ring of DNA that can be removed in genetic engineering
what type of cells are cell walls found in
plant, fungal and bacterial cells
what is the plant cell wall made up of
cellulose
what is cellulose
a structural carbohydrate
do cell walls in fungal and bacteria cells have the same funcion as cell walls in plants even though they are made up off different materials
yes
what does the cell membrane consist of
proteins and phospholipids
what does selectively permeable mean
it allows some substances to pass across it, but not all substances
is their a difference in concentration between the outside of the cell and the environment that it is in
yes
when does passive transport occur
when their is a higher concentration of substance on one side of the cell than the other
during passive transport what does the substance move down
the concentration gradient
does passive transport require energy
no
what are two example of passive transport
diffusion and osmosis
what is diffusion
diffusion is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
do oxygen and glucose move into or out of the cell from a higher concentration
into
does carbon dioxide move into or out of the cell from a higher concentration
out of
what is osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
what happens to animal cells as a result of osmosis
burst or shrink
what happens to plant cells as a result of osmosis
become turgid or plasmolysed
does active transport require energy
yes
what does active transport do
move molecules and ions against the concentration gradient
what is the structure of DNA
double-stranded helix held by complementary base pair
what does DNA carry
the genetic information for making proteins
what are the name of the four bases
Adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine
within the double strand which four bases are always paired together
A and T, C and G
what is the sequence of bases along a strand
genetic code
what does the base sequence determine
amino acid sequence inside proteins
what is a gene
a section of DNA that codes for a protein
what is mRNA
a molecule that carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome, where the protein is assembled from amino acids
