Ovarian function

Question 1

main cells of the ovary?

Answer 1

theca and granulosa

Question 2

Phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 2

follicular/proliferative (follicle(egg) matures) - days 0-13 (this can be longer)
Ovulation (oocyte released) - day 14
Secretory/luteal (ruptured follicle transforms into corpus luteum in prep for preg) - days 15-28 (average is 10-16 days)

Question 3

describe the uterine cycle

Answer 3

Menses
– when no pregnancy the endometrium of uterus sheds causing bleeding.
• Proliferative phase
– New layer of endometrium in preparation of pregnancy.
• Secretory phase
– Conversion of endometrium to secretory structure to promote implantation.

Question 4

The follicular phase is associated with which hormone?

Answer 4

estrogen?

Question 5

progesterone is associated with which phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 5

luteal

Question 6

describe the difference in cervical mucus from the ovulation phase to the luteal phase

Answer 6

ovulation = abundant, clear non viscus mucus
Luteal = thick, sticky mucous

Question 7

describe the gonadotrophic hormone levels during menstruation?

Answer 7

FSH slowly declines (due to estrogen rising) and has a surge at ovulation then declines again.
LH is constant has a surge at ovulation and is constant

Question 8

describe the ovarian cycle

Answer 8

follicle matures until ovulation where it ruptures and corpus luteum is residual. Corpus luteum matures until regress to corpus albicans and eventually dies

Question 9

describe the ovarian hormone levels

Answer 9

estrogen steadily rise, peaks at ovulation, drops then mini peak at 3/4s then drops again.
Progesterone constant til ovulation then slowly rises, peaks at 3/4s tehn declines.
Inhibin mini surge at ovulation, slow rise with peak at 3/4s then declines

Question 10

describe body temp in cycle?

Answer 10

rise by just over a degree at ovulation for remainder of cycle

Question 11

describe 3 positive feedbacks cycle during menstruation?

Answer 11

in early to mid-follicular phase estorgen positive feedback on granulosa cells.
In late follicular phase and ovulation Estrogen positive on GnRH. Also in late follicular phase and ovulation low progesterone has positive feedback on GnRH and LH

Question 12

physiological cause of menopause

Answer 12

ovaries stop responding to LH and FSH > low estrogen and progesterone > eggs stop developing

Question 13

symptoms and therapies of menopause

Answer 13

hot flushes and high osteoporosis risk. Hormone replacement therapy

Question 14

how long do sperm and eggs live? where does fertilisation occur

Answer 14

sperm 48 hours, egg 24. Fallopian tubes

Question 15

describe what happens to the sperm in fertilisation

Answer 15

sperm membrane fuses with egg membrane > sperm nucleus enters cytoplasm of egg > oocyte nucleus completes meiotic division > egg and sperm form zygote

Question 16

how long after fertilisation does it take to reach the uterus? what is this thing called. then what happens

Answer 16

blastocyst reaches uterus on day 4-5. implants in endometrium days 5-9.

Question 17

definitions of early human development

Answer 17

Early Pregnancy (weeks1-2). 
Embryonic period (weeks 3-8)
Fetal period (9-term)

Question 18

when in human development are we most susceptible to chromosomal abnormalites

Answer 18

1-2 weeks (early pregnancy)

Question 19

what is significant about the embryonic peroid

Answer 19

all major organs generated