Hormones during pregnancy Flashcards
when is the embryo not susceptible to teratogens?
first 2 weeks
how long is pregnancy?
38 weeks from ovulation. (40 form last menstruation)
darkening of areolar is a potential sign of what?
pregnancy
which hormone can determine if a female is pregnant
• human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
what does a fetus float in
amniotic fluid
what layers just outside the amniotic fluid (2).
amnion then chorion
which fetal organs does the placenta substitute for? (3)
kidneys, lungs, GIT
role of hCG?
“rescue” of corpus luteum.
main hormones placenta produces (4)?
hCG, hPL, estrogen and progeserone
describe what happens as a result of cervical stretch during parturation
stretch induces 2 things. uterine contractions and oxytocin from ant pituatary. Oxytocin does 2 things. induces more contraction and prostaglandins form uterine wall. prostaglandins induce contraction. ALL POSITIVE FEEDBACK
which hormones stimulate mammary gland development during pregnancy (3)?
GH, estrogen and cortisol
how does progesterone work on mammary glands and when?
during late pregnancy it stimulates conversion of ducts to secretory epithelium
how can lactation inhibit the ovarian cycle?
suckling inhibits GnRH
describe The hormonal control of milk secretion and release
suckling or crying inhibit PIH (prolactin inhibiting hormone) which increases prolactin release from anterior pituitary, increasing milk secretion. Simultaneously from the hypothalamus oxytocin stimulates smooth muscle contraction in breast.
