Male and female repro histo

Question 1

ovarian epithelium? What is underneath?

Answer 1

simple (squamous or cubdoidal) 70% of ovarian tumours come from here. underneath is tunica albuginea (dense connective tissue).

Question 2

how many oocytes in embryo and at birth?

Answer 2

5 mil.

0.5 mil

Question 3

what is a PRIMORDIAL oocyte?

Answer 3

oocyte arrested in meoisis 1

Question 4

what stage of meiosis are primordial oocytes arrested?

Answer 4

prophase

Question 5

describe the cell progression as a primary oocyte mature

Answer 5

PO - the follicle cells become granulosa cells and form the stratum granulosum. The stromal cells becomes theca.
SF - as the stratum granulosum thickens, a fluid filled cavity (antrum) appears. Oocyte suspended on stalk of granulosa cells (cumulus oophorus).
SO - once follicle is mature LH surges causes completion of 1st meiotic division and follicle ruptures - releasing oocyte.

Question 6

what is a graafian follicle?

Answer 6

mature follicle

Question 7

how is the corpus luteum formed/

Answer 7

Once follicle loses oocyte, Stromal, granulosa and thecal cells invade cavity, differentiate into luteal cells.

Question 8

what makes the corpus luteum yellow

Answer 8

lipid

Question 9

what does corpus luteum do?

Answer 9

produce progesterone and estrogen to prepare endometrium

Question 10

how does the oocyte move through the fallopian tube (2)?

Answer 10

epithelium is ciliated. peristalsis form smooth muscle

Question 11

where does the oocyte get its nutrients whilst in fallopian tube?

Answer 11

fluid secreted by epithelium

Question 12

what part of fallopian tube does fertilization usually occur?

Answer 12

ampulla

Question 13

how is the uterine wall divided?

Answer 13

endometrium and myometrium

Question 14

describe the myometrium of the uterus

Answer 14

3 layers of smooth muscle. inner and outer longitudinal and middle is circular.

Question 15

how does the myometrium accommodate pregnancy at a cellular level.

Answer 15

enlarging individual smooth muscle cells, generating more smooth muscle cells and increasing connective tissue.

Question 16

true or false, thickened uterine wall is retained after first pregnancy?

Answer 16

true

Question 17

epithelium of endometrium

Answer 17

mix of ciliated and secretory simple columnar

Question 18

describe the epithelium of cervix.

Answer 18

endocervix is simple columnar and glandular (secretes the vaginal discharge).
Ectocervix is stratified squamous (non glandular) to be a protective barrier.

Question 19

describe the junction of the endo and ecto cervix

Answer 19

abrupt junction. Border changes depending on when in menstrual cycle and b/w reproductive and non-repro females. The stratified sheds cells

Question 20

epithelium of vagina?

Answer 20

stratified squamous

Question 21

breast milk is high in which antibody?

Answer 21

IgA

Question 22

what is a mammary gland?

Answer 22

modified sweat gland that produces milk in postnatal mother.

Question 23

when do the mammary glands enlarge in the menstrual cycle? how?

Answer 23

during luteal phase. epithelial cells more columnar, some secretions (lumens appear), fluid accumulates in stroma connective tissue.

Question 24

what happens to mammary glands in pregnancy

Answer 24

Epithelial and myopeithelial cells proliferate from progenitor cells.
By term, have large cuboidal epithelial cells containing lipid and secretory product in lumen.

Question 25

describe the structure of the testes from outside to in

Answer 25

tunica vaginalis > tunica albuginea > seminiferous tubules > rete testes > efferent ductules > head of epididymis > body > tail > vas deferens

Question 26

epithelium of Seminiferous?

Answer 26

stratified squamous

Question 27

what 2 cells of significance in tunica (lamina) propria of Seminiferous?

Answer 27

myoid (smooth muscle contractile) and Leydig (

Question 28

support cells for spermatogenisis

Answer 28

Sertoli

Question 29

how does sprem move down Seminiferous?

Answer 29

Tunica propria can contract to provide peristaltic movement

Question 30

what do leydig cells do?

Answer 30

produce testosterone

Question 31

Describe The final part of the seminiferous tubule (histologically). what are they called?

Answer 31

the Tubuli Recti is straight and lined with Sertoli cells only and finally simple cuboidal epithelium. connect to the rete testis

Question 32

describe rete testis

Answer 32

an interconnected set of channels at the end of the seminiferous tubules. lined with ciliated cuboidal cells

Question 33

from where is the epididymus derived?

Answer 33

mesonephric duct

Question 34

what are the efferent ductules? where do they come from

Answer 34

connect rete testis to head of epididymus. they are Around 20 surviving mesonephric tubules

Question 35

epithelium of efferent ductules?

Answer 35

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 36

function of epididymus? give an example

Answer 36

sperm mature as they move along. decapacitation, the inhibition of the ability of the sperm to fertilise an egg (reversed in vagina).

Question 37

epi of vas deferens?

Answer 37

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 38

other name for vas deferns

Answer 38

ductus deferens

Question 39

role of seminal vesicle

Answer 39

secrete fructose for energy. make sperm alkaline

Question 40

where is prostate anatomically?

Answer 40

anterior rectum wall, inferior to bladder.

Question 41

describe openings of prostate

Answer 41

central urethra, inferior paired ejaculatory duct, prostate sinuses

Question 42

4 zones of prostate?

Answer 42

central, peripheral, transitional and periurethral

Question 43

epithelium of prostate?

Answer 43

heterogenous (columnar or cuboidal, pseudostratified)

Question 44

what is a prostatic concretion?

Answer 44

accumulation of protein, calcium-phosphate, cholesterol and cellular debris within lu2men. more common with age

Question 45

secretion of prostate? give one example

Answer 45

complex. Initially causes the ejaculate to clot (immobilising it) but then fibrolysin dissolves clot and frees sperm to move

Question 46

3 masses of erectile tissue in penis. where is urethra

Answer 46

2 x corpus cavanosa and 1 x corpus spongiosum. urethra in c. spongiosum

Question 47

where does Crus of clitoris extends?

Answer 47

inferiorly along pelvis

Question 48

Role of the bulbs of clitoris?

Answer 48

unknown - no male homologue