Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4 Gynae > Ovarian cysts > Flashcards

Ovarian cysts Flashcards

1
Q

Functional ovarian cysts

A

Related to the fluctuating hormones of the menstrual cycle

Common in premenopausal women

Follicular cysts or Corpus luteum cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cysts in postmenopausal women

A

More concerning for malignancy and need further investigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Symptoms of ovarian cysts

A

Mostly asymptomatic

Can have:

  • Pelvic pain
  • Bloating
  • A palpable pelvic mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acute pelvic pain with ovarian cysts

A

Associated with ovarian torsion, haemorrhage or rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Follicular cysts

A

Represents the developing follicle.

Failure of rupture causes the cyst to persist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Corpus luteum cysts pathophysiology

A

Occur when the corpus luteum fails to break down and fills with fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Presentation of corpus luteum cysts

A

May cause pelvic discomfort, pain or delayed menstruation

Often seen in early pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Serous Cystadenoma

A

Benign tumours of the epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mucinous Cystadenoma

A

Benign tumour of the epithelial cell

Can become huge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Endometrioma

A

Lumps of endometrial tissue within the ovary

Occur in patients with endometriosis

Can cause pain and disrupt ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dermoid Cysts / Germ Cell Tumours

A

Benign ovarian tumours

Teratomas - come from the germ cells and may contain various tissue types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are dermoid cysts associated with

A

Ovarian torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sex Cord-Stromal Tumours

A

Rare tumours, that can be benign or malignant

Arise from the stroma or sex cords (embryonic structures associated with the follicles).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of sex cord stromal tumours

A

Sertoli–Leydig cell tumours

Granulosa cell tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ovarian cyst history

A

Exclude malignancy:

  • Abdominal bloating
  • Reduce appetite
  • Early satiety
  • Weight loss
  • Urinary symptoms
  • Pain
  • Ascites
  • Lymphadenopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Risk factors for ovarian maligancy

A

Age

Postmenopause

Increased number of ovulations

Obesity

HRT

Smoking

FHX and BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes

17
Q

Factors that decrease ovarian malignancy risk

A

Later onset of periods (menarche)

Early menopause

Any pregnancies

Use of COCP

18
Q

Investigations for ovarian cysts

A

Premenopausal women with a simple ovarian cyst < 5cm on USS do not need further investigations

CA125

19
Q

Who requires bloods for tumour markers in patients with an ovarian mass

A

Women < 40 years with a complex ovarian mass

20
Q

Tumour markers for germ cell tumours

A

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Alpha-fetoprotein (α-FP)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

21
Q

Causes of Raised CA125

A

Endometriosis

Fibroids

Adenomyosis

Pelvic infection

Liver disease

Pregnancy

22
Q

Risk of Malignancy Index

A

Estimates the risk of an ovarian mass being malignant by:

  • Menopausal status
  • USS findings
  • CA125 level
23
Q

Management of ovarian cysts

A

Possible ovarian cancer - 2ww referral

Dermoid cysts - referral to gynae for possible surgery

Simple ovarian cysts in premenopausal women can be managed based on their size

24
Q

Possible ovarian cancer

A

Complex cysts or raised CA125

25
Q

Management of simple ovarian cysts in premenopausal women < 5cm

A

Almost always resolve within three cycles

Do not require a follow-up scan.

26
Q

Management of simple ovarian cysts in premenopausal women 5 - 7cm

A

Require routine referral to gynaecology and yearly ultrasound monitoring.

27
Q

Management of simple ovarian cysts in premenopausal women > 7cm

A

Consider an MRI scan or surgical evaluation

28
Q

Cysts in postmenopausal women

A

Require correlation with the CA125 result and referral to a gynaecologist W

29
Q

Simple cysts under 5cm with a normal CA125 in postmenopausal women

A

Monitored with an ultrasound every 4 – 6 months

30
Q

Persistent or enlarging cysts

A

May require surgical intervention

31
Q

Complications of ovarian cysts

A

Torsion

Haemorrhage into the cyst

Rupture, with bleeding into the peritoneum

32
Q

Meig’s Syndrome

A

Triad of:

  • Ovarian fibroma
  • Pleural effusion
  • Ascites

Year 4 Gynae (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions