Congenital Structural Abnormalities of The Reproductive Tract

Question 1

What develops from the Mullerian ducts?(paramesonephric ducts)

Answer 1

Upper vagina, cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes

Question 2

Bicornuate Uterus

Answer 2

Two “horns” to the uterus, giving the uterus a heart-shaped appearance appearance

Question 3

Investigations for a bicornate uterus

Answer 3

Pelvis USS

Question 4

Complications of a bicornate uterus

Answer 4

Miscarriage

Premature birth

Malpresentation

Question 5

Imperforate Hymen

Answer 5

Hymen at the entrance of the vagina is fully formed, without an opening.

Question 6

Presentation of imperforate Hymen

Answer 6

Cyclical pelvic pain and cramping that would ordinarily be associated with menstruation but without any vaginal bleeding

Question 7

Diagnosing an imperforate hymen

Answer 7

History and examination

Question 8

Management of an imperforate hymen

Answer 8

Surgical incision

Question 9

Transverse Vaginal Septae

Answer 9

Where a septum forms transversely across the vagina.

Can be perforate (with a hole) or imperforate (completely sealed)

Question 10

Presentation of transverse vaginal septae

Answer 10

Perforated: Still menstruate but difficulty with intercourse and tampon use

Imperforate: cyclical pelvic pain with no menstruation

Question 11

How to diagnose transverse vaginal septae

Answer 11

Examination, ultrasound or MRI

Question 12

Management of transverse vaginal septae

Answer 12

Surgical correction

Question 13

Complications of surgery for transverse vaginal septae

Answer 13

Vaginal stenosis

Recurrence

Question 14

Vaginal Hypoplasia

Answer 14

Abnormally small vagina

Question 15

Vaginal agenesis

Answer 15

Absent vagina

Question 16

Why does vaginal hypoplasia or agenesis occur

Answer 16

Failure of the Mullerian ducts to properly develop

Question 17

Management of vaginal hypoplasia

Answer 17

Use of vaginal dilator over a prolonged period of time