Female Genital Mutilation

Question 1

Female genital mutilation

Answer 1

Surgically changing the genitals of a female for non-medical reasons

Question 2

FGM law

Answer 2

Female genital mutilation is illegal and there is a legal requirement for healthcare professionals to report cases of FGM to the police

Child abuse and safeguarding concern

Question 3

Types of FGM

Answer 3

Type 1: Removal of part or all of the clitoris.

Type 2: Removal of part or all of the clitoris and labia minora.

The labia majora may also be removed.

Type 3: Narrowing or closing the vaginal orifice (infibulation).

Type 4: All other unnecessary procedures to the female genitalia.

Question 4

Risk factors for FGM

Answer 4

• Pregnant women with FGM with a female child
• Siblings or daughters of women affected by FGM
• Extended trips with infants or children to areas where FGM is practised
• Women that decline examination or cervical screening
• New patients from communities that practise FGM

Question 5

Immediate complications of FGM

Answer 5

Pain

Bleeding

Infection

Swelling

Urinary retention

Urethral damage and incontinence

Question 6

Long term complications of FGM

Answer 6

Vaginal infections, such as bacterial vaginosis

Pelvic infections

Recurrent UTI

Dysmenorrhea

Sexual dysfunction and dyspareunia

Infertility and pregnancy-related complications

Significant psychological issues and depression

Reduced engagement with healthcare and screening

Question 7

Management of FGM

Answer 7

Mandatory to report all cases of FGM in patients under 18

Education

Services to be contacted:

• Social services and safeguarding
• Paediatrics
• Specialist gynaecology or FGM services
• Counselling

Question 8

Management of type 3 FGM

Answer 8

De-infibulation surgical procedure may be performed