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Reproduction > Ovarian And Menstrual Cycles > Flashcards

Ovarian And Menstrual Cycles Flashcards

1
Q

What phase of development is the ovulated oocyte in?

A

Metaphase 2 of meiosis until fertilization

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2
Q

Primary oocytes are held in what phase until ovulation?

A

Prophase 1 of meiosis 1.

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3
Q

Where are the oocyte containing follicles located in the ovary?

A

Cortex

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4
Q

What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular( days 1-14), ovulation, luteal (15-28)

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5
Q

Ovulation is due to the incrase in what hormone?

A

LH

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6
Q

What type of cells are found in a primary oocyte?

A

Squamous epithelial cells

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7
Q

What type of cells are found in an early primary or unilayered follicle?

A

Single layer of cuboidal follicular epithelium

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8
Q

What cells are found in the late primary or multilayered follicle?

A

Several layers of cuboidal follicular epithelial cells. Zona pellucida is formed.

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9
Q

Follicular cells are also known as?

A

Granulosa cells

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10
Q

What occurs when a primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle?

A
  • Liquor folliculi fluid begins to accumulate in the call-enter bodies.
  • Formation of the Theca interna and externa
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11
Q

What feature defines the state of a secondary follicle?

A

Formation of an antrum

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12
Q

What is a Graafian or tertiary follicle?

A

Secondary follicle with a developed corona radiata and cumulus oophorus.

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13
Q

What is the etiology of polycytic ovarian syndrome?

A

Disrupted folliculi genesis caused by a defect in the paracrine oocyte-signaling mechanism (especially AMH).

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14
Q

What is the corpus luteum composed of?

A
  • Follicular cells-> make estrogen.

- Theca cells-> make androstenedione and progesterone.

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15
Q

What is the stimulus to keep the corpus luteum going and secreting the proper hormones?

A

Beta hCG from the Synctiotrophoblast

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16
Q

If the corpus luteum does not receive the proper signals what does it become?

A

Corpus albicans

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17
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

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18
Q

What layer of the endometrium is lost each month during menstration?

A

Stratum functionalis, hormone sensitive

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19
Q

What is found in the myometrium?

A

Stratum vasculara-> contains arcuate a.

20
Q

What is a leiomyoma?

A

Uterine fibroid-> benign tumor that arises from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue

21
Q

What are the 3 (or 4) phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

Proliferative phase, secretory phase, (ischemic), menstrual phase

22
Q

What is happening in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Functional layer begins to thicken, growth of the spiral arteries.

23
Q

What is happening in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Functional layer continues to thicken, spiral arteries are long, endometrial glands are tortuous and are full of glycoge-rich secretory products.

24
Q

What is happening in the menstrual cycle of the menstrual phase?

A

Decreased O2, spiral arteries begin contracting, functional layer begins necrosis.

25
Q

What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular( days 1-14), ovulation, luteal (15-28)

26
Q

Ovulation is due to the incrase in what hormone?

A

LH

27
Q

What type of cells are found in a primary oocyte?

A

Squamous epithelial cells

28
Q

What type of cells are found in an early primary or unilayered follicle?

A

Single layer of cuboidal follicular epithelium

29
Q

What cells are found in the late primary or multilayered follicle?

A

Several layers of cuboidal follicular epithelial cells. Zona pellucida is formed.

30
Q

Follicular cells are also known as?

A

Granulosa cells

31
Q

What occurs when a primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle?

A
  • Liquor folliculi fluid begins to accumulate in the call-enter bodies.
  • Formation of the Theca interna and externa
32
Q

What feature defines the state of a secondary follicle?

A

Formation of an antrum

33
Q

What is a Graafian or tertiary follicle?

A

Secondary follicle with a developed corona radiata and cumulus oophorus.

34
Q

What is the etiology of polycytic ovarian syndrome?

A

Disrupted folliculi genesis caused by a defect in the paracrine oocyte-signaling mechanism (especially AMH).

35
Q

What is the corpus luteum composed of?

A
  • Follicular cells-> make estrogen.

- Theca cells-> make androstenedione and progesterone.

36
Q

What is the stimulus to keep the corpus luteum going and secreting the proper hormones?

A

Beta hCG from the Synctiotrophoblast

37
Q

If the corpus luteum does not receive the proper signals what does it become?

A

Corpus albicans

38
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

39
Q

What layer of the endometrium is lost each month during menstration?

A

Stratum functionalis, hormone sensitive

40
Q

What is found in the myometrium?

A

Stratum vasculara-> contains arcuate a.

41
Q

What is a leiomyoma?

A

Uterine fibroid-> benign tumor that arises from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue

42
Q

What are the 3 (or 4) phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

Proliferative phase, secretory phase, (ischemic), menstrual phase

43
Q

What is happening in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Functional layer begins to thicken, growth of the spiral arteries.

44
Q

What is happening in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Functional layer continues to thicken, spiral arteries are long, endometrial glands are tortuous and are full of glycoge-rich secretory products.

45
Q

What is happening in the menstrual cycle of the menstrual phase?

A

Decreased O2, spiral arteries begin contracting, functional layer begins necrosis.

46
Q

What is mullerian agenesis?

A

Absence of derivatives of the paramesonephric ducts.

47
Q

What is persistent Müllerian duct syndrome?

A

genetic males that have a defect in AMH gene or its receptor AMHR2.

Reproduction (12 decks)

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