Ovarian And Menstrual Cycles Flashcards
What phase of development is the ovulated oocyte in?
Metaphase 2 of meiosis until fertilization
Primary oocytes are held in what phase until ovulation?
Prophase 1 of meiosis 1.
Where are the oocyte containing follicles located in the ovary?
Cortex
What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular( days 1-14), ovulation, luteal (15-28)
Ovulation is due to the incrase in what hormone?
LH
What type of cells are found in a primary oocyte?
Squamous epithelial cells
What type of cells are found in an early primary or unilayered follicle?
Single layer of cuboidal follicular epithelium
What cells are found in the late primary or multilayered follicle?
Several layers of cuboidal follicular epithelial cells. Zona pellucida is formed.
Follicular cells are also known as?
Granulosa cells
What occurs when a primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle?
- Liquor folliculi fluid begins to accumulate in the call-enter bodies.
- Formation of the Theca interna and externa
What feature defines the state of a secondary follicle?
Formation of an antrum
What is a Graafian or tertiary follicle?
Secondary follicle with a developed corona radiata and cumulus oophorus.
What is the etiology of polycytic ovarian syndrome?
Disrupted folliculi genesis caused by a defect in the paracrine oocyte-signaling mechanism (especially AMH).
What is the corpus luteum composed of?
- Follicular cells-> make estrogen.
- Theca cells-> make androstenedione and progesterone.
What is the stimulus to keep the corpus luteum going and secreting the proper hormones?
Beta hCG from the Synctiotrophoblast
If the corpus luteum does not receive the proper signals what does it become?
Corpus albicans
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
What layer of the endometrium is lost each month during menstration?
Stratum functionalis, hormone sensitive
What is found in the myometrium?
Stratum vasculara-> contains arcuate a.
What is a leiomyoma?
Uterine fibroid-> benign tumor that arises from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue
What are the 3 (or 4) phases of the menstrual cycle?
Proliferative phase, secretory phase, (ischemic), menstrual phase
What is happening in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
Functional layer begins to thicken, growth of the spiral arteries.
What is happening in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?
Functional layer continues to thicken, spiral arteries are long, endometrial glands are tortuous and are full of glycoge-rich secretory products.
What is happening in the menstrual cycle of the menstrual phase?
Decreased O2, spiral arteries begin contracting, functional layer begins necrosis.
