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Reproduction > Fertilization, Implantation, Placental Development > Flashcards

Fertilization, Implantation, Placental Development Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the receptors for sperm on the oocyte located?

A

Zona pellucida

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2
Q

What must happen in order for fertilization to occur

A
  • Removal of epididymal and seminal glycoproteins.

- Increase in membrane permeability to Ca2+.

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3
Q

What are the three main events that occur in fertilization after the sperm has found the egg?

A
  • acromsome reaction
  • sperm binding to ZP3
  • sperm-egg fusion
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4
Q

How is polyspermy inhibited?

A

Via the cortical reaction.

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5
Q

What protein is required for sperm to fuse with the egg?

A

Izumo (sperm) binds to CD9 on the egg

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6
Q

What is the fast component of the cortical reaction?

A

Change in resting potential of oocyte plasma membrane, thus preventing further binding of sperm.

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7
Q

What is the slow component of the cortical reaction?

A

Release of cortical granules containing enzymes (into PVS) that destroy sperm receptors (ZP2 and ZP3).

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8
Q

After fertilization, what are the next stages of development?

A

Development of the morula-> blastocyst , with outer trophoblast and inner cell mass surrounding the blastocyst cavity.

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9
Q

What must occur before implantation of the blastocyst?

A

Hatch from the Zona pellucida

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10
Q

Implantation is mediated by what cells?

A

Penetrating trophoblastic cells.

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11
Q

What cells will invade and penetrative the endometrium?

A

Synctiotrophoblast

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12
Q

What are decidual cells?

A

Cells full of lipids and glycoproteins. Provide nutrients to the developing embryo.

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13
Q

What are the spaces created by the Synctiotrophoblast once they come in contact with the mothers vascular supply?

A

Lacunae

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14
Q

What secretes hCG?

A

Synctiotrophoblast

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15
Q

The secretion of estrogens and progesterone is under the control of what?

A

Corpus luteum under the control of hCG.

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16
Q

What is a primary villus?

A

Outgrowth of the cytotrophoblast into the Synctiotrophoblast

17
Q

What is a secondary villi?

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm enters the primary villi.

18
Q

What is a tertiary villi?

A

Cells of the XE mesoderm will differentiate into capillaries

19
Q

What are the maternal parts of the placenta?

A

Decidua basalis

20
Q

What is the part of the placenta that comes from the embryo?

A

Chorion frondosum

21
Q

What part of the embryo overlies the implanted embryo and separates it from the uterine cavity?

A

Decides capsularis

22
Q

What is the basic structure involved in maternal-fetal exchanges?

A

Chorionic villus

23
Q

What are the layers that make up the placental barrier?

A
  • Synctiotrophoblast
  • cytotrophoblast
  • extraembryonic mesenchyme
  • fetal endothelium
24
Q

What is a placenta abruption?

A

Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta. Blood will begin to pool into the Decidua basalis.

25
Q

What is a placental Previa?

A

Implantation of the placenta over the cervical os

26
Q

What is uterine Atony?

A

Contractions of the uterine muscles are not strong enough to close the spiral arteries and postpartum bleeding occurs.

27
Q

What is gestational trophoblastic disease?

A

Group of neoplasms that arise from fetal tissue invading the maternal host

28
Q

What is a complete hydatifiform mole?

A

No fetus. Fertilization of egg which has lost its chromosomes by 2 sperm or 1 sperm.
chromosomes are only paternal

29
Q

What is a partial hydatifiform mole?

A

Maternal chromosomes are present but extra paternal chromosomes are present.

30
Q

What is the karyotype of a partial mole?

A

Tripoidy or tetraploidy.

31
Q

What is the karyotype of a complete mole?

A

46XX or 46XY paternal origin

32
Q

Is there fetal tissue present a complete mole and incomplete mole?

A

Complete-> absent

Incomplete-> present

33
Q

What is the scope of hydronic villi in a complete mole and incomplete mole?

A

Complete-> extensive

Incomplete-> limited and focal

34
Q

What are the types of malignant gestational trophoblastic disease?

A
  • Invasive mole-> invasion into myometrium. Choriocarcinoma.
  • Placental-site trophoblastic tumor
  • Choriocarcinoma.
35
Q

What meiotic stage is the ovulated oocyte in?

A

Secondary oocyte that has not completed the second meiotic division

36
Q

What makes up the chorion?

A

Synctiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, extraembryonic mesoderm

37
Q

What part of the placenta makes up the portion underlying the implantation site and forms the maternal part of the placenta?

A

Decidua basalis

38
Q

What is placenta accreta?

A

Abnormal trophoblastic invasion into the myometrium

Reproduction (12 decks)

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