Menarche/ Puberty

Question 1

FSH binding to granulosa cells causes what to occur?

Answer 1

Aromitization of androgens into estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2)

Question 2

Describe the estrogen levels in the follicular phase and luteal phase

Answer 2

Initial levels are low in the beginning of the follicular phase but rise in late follicular phase.

Early luteal phase the levels drop then rise again and drop at the end of the luteal phase.

Question 3

When can maximum levels of estradiol be seen in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 3

One day before ovulation

Question 4

When does maximum progesterone secretion occur?

Answer 4

5-7 days after ovulation, returns to baseline before menstration.

Question 5

What is released at ovulation?

Answer 5

Oocyte with corona radiata

Question 6

What forms the corpus luteum?

Answer 6

Lutenized granulosa cells, Theca cells, capillaries, and connective tissue.

Question 7

What cells give rise to the cumulus oophorus?

Answer 7

Granulosa cells

Question 8

What are the two funcitonal layers of the endometrium?

Answer 8

Outer layer-> functionalis.

Inner layer-> basalis.

Question 9

What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 9

Menstrual, proliferative, secretory

Question 10

What happens in the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 10

Sloughing off of the functionalis layer and compression of the basalis layer.

Question 11

What is the proliferized phase of the menstrual cycle characterized by?

Answer 11

Endometrial growth secondary to estrogen if stimulation.

Question 12

What is happening in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 12

Following ovulation progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum stimulates glandular cells to secrete mucous and glycogen, glands become tortuous, spiral arteries continue to grow.

Question 13

When should the first Pap smear be done?

Answer 13

21

Question 14

What is primary amewnorrhea?

Answer 14

Absence of monarch by the age 13 without secondary sexual development Or by the age of 15 with secondary sexual development.

Question 15

What is secondary amenorrhea?

Answer 15

Absence of menstration X 6 months.

Question 16

What is polymenorrhea?

Answer 16

Abnormally frequent menses at intervals

Question 17

What is oligomenorrhea?

Answer 17

Menstrual cycles occuring >35 days.

Question 18

What is menorrhagia?

Answer 18

Excessive and/ or prolonged menses (>80 cc, >7 days) occuring at regular intervals.

Question 19

What is metorrhagia?

Answer 19

Irregular episodes of uterine bleeding.

Question 20

What is menometrorrhagia?

Answer 20

Heavy and irregular uterine bleeding

Question 21

What is intermenstrual bleeding?

Answer 21

Scant bleeding at ovulation for 1 or 2 days.

Question 22

What is the classification for abnormal bleeding in reproductive-aged women?

Answer 22

PALM-COEIN

Question 23

What is adenomyosis?

Answer 23

Endometrial lining gets within the muscle of the uterus. Soft and large upon palpation.

Question 24

What are the common uterine fibroids and what are they called?

Answer 24

Submucosa fibroid, interstitial fibroid, cervical fibroid, subserosal fibroid.

Question 25

When does a female have the peak number of oocytes?

Answer 25

Mid-gestation (16-20 weeks).

Question 26

What happens that enables the onset of puberty to occur?

Answer 26

Gradual loss of sensitivity by the gonadostat to the negative feedback of sex steroids in combination with the intrinsic loss of CNS inhibition of the hypothalamic GnRH release.

Question 27

What is thelarche?

Answer 27

• Breast development.
• First physical sign of puberty.
• Reguires estrogen.

Question 28

What is pubarche/ adrenarche?

Answer 28

• Development of pubic hair/ axillary hair.

- Reguires androgens.

Question 29

What is menarche and what is required for that to occur?

Answer 29

• Onset of menses.
• Reguires pulsatile GnRH from the hypothalamus, LH and FSH from the pituitary, estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries.

Question 30

What does TAG ME stand for?

Answer 30

Thelarche, adrenarche, growth, menarche,

Question 31

What are the different tanner stages?

Answer 31

1- elevation of the papilla
2- breast bud development
3-further enlargement of breast and areola
4-projection of areola and papilla to form secondary mound
5-projection of papilla only

Question 32

LH acting on Theca cells results in what?

Answer 32

Production of androstenedione and testosterone.