Outline 17 Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
What are the rules of 3’s?
oHindbrain → Brain stem
oMidbrain → Massive collection of white matter pathways that carry information from the body up to the forebrain
oForebrain → Cerebrum
What are the 2 terms for embryological dev
o Embryological brain &
o Mature brain meaning fully formed brain, not an adult brain
Brain begins to be more recognizable as a brain at about __ months
7
What is embryological brain?
Rhombencephalon→ oldest brain; Lizard brain; Hindbrain; brainstem
oRegulates our most basic functions: temperature, breathing, & heart rate
oAlso regulates alertness and reflex
oNot voluntary planning or executing, just movement
Mesencephalon → Midbrain
oMassive white matter connection between brainstem and rest of the body & the cerebrum
Prosencephalon→ newest brain, forebrain, cerebrum, cerebral cortex
What is encephalon? and encephalitis?
- Encephalon – within the skull
* Encephalitis – swelling within the skull
What is the cerebral cortex, cerebrum?
Divided into 2 hemispheres & 6 lobes
what are the 6 lobes?
oFrontal lobe: Primarily thinking and reasoning but also motor
oParietal: Primarily sensory
oOccipital: Devoted to vision
oTemporal: Devoted to hearing and interpretation
oLimbic Lobe: “Made-up construct”; it’s a contruct of what turned out to be older brain structures; not as old as hindbrain, but older structures in the brain that govern emotion & memory
oInsular Lobe: Internal structure & find it by lifting up the temporal lobe
what are two major pathways that info goes up to the brain?
spinothalamic tract
posterior column-medial lemniscus
explain spinothalamic tract
Spine to the thalamus
What is the thalamus?
“Intercom system”; relay station, all incoming information comes through the thalamus & then directs it on
•Incoming information = Afferent info.
what kind of info does spinothalamic tract carry?
oCarries pain, temp, touch & pressure = different kinds of sensory information
Why is it important that incoming information cross?
•Because of the contralateral nature of our bodies
oRight brain controls left side
Fibers cross at midline =Contralateral organization.
critical neurological point!
•If you see symptoms on the left side of the body know the damage was in the right side of the brain
what is point of fiber decussation ?
point of incoming information; info went right across the CNS and went right up
Coming in at L4 & C5 is doesn’t shift sides, or decussate until brainstem!
efferent vs afferent fibers
Efferent fibers → Leaving; “going out of”
Afferent → going to other columns within the ipsilateral hemisphere
oComes up the pathway to the thalamus
gyrus
sulcus
- Gyrus: ridge
* Sulcus: depressions are involution
the sulci divide the brain into lobes name some important ones
- Fissure of Rolando: Fissure that separates frontal and parietal
- Sylvian Fissure: AKA “Lateral sulcus”; separates frontal and temporal
- Longitudinal Fissure: Left from right
- Parieto-occipital Sulcus: Separating occipital cortex from parietal cortex
- Cingulate Sulcus: Cortex matter that wraps the limbic lobe
