02 Orofacial Development Flashcards
The palate develops when?
by 9 weeks
cell differentiation forms the lip and the palate
Explain merging and an ex of the structure
the center will merge
ex. the tongue
Explain fusion and what give an ex of a structure
- Two separate structures will come together and touch, and the cells will go past eachother, integrate, and fuse
- They will have cellular deterioation on their edges as they pass each other from the two separate structures
- Ex. palate, sutures of the skull
Branchial arches form when?
27 days
What are the 5 pairs of branchial arches?
Mandibular Arch
-Also forms the maxilla (and cheeks)
Maxilla
Hyoid Arch
Thyrohyoid
4&5 not distinct or namedT/F there are midline clefts
False, no midline clefts in the skull or in the nose because it is a single structure
at ____ weeks palatal development begins
6 weeks
If the structures are not close together when cellular change takes place the structures will not fuse
What 4 structures must fuse during palatal development?
- the premaxilla
- palatine process (2)
- Nasal spine
How does fusion occur and how does that impact timing?
- Fusion begins anteriorly and moves posteriorly
- Inherit early or late timing of cellular integration
The window where fusion has to take place is important can affect the fusion
the type of cleft depends on what? what types of cleft can arise?
what structures were in place when the window for fusion took place
Ex.Unilateral cleft: it could be that the right palatine shelf fuses with the nasal spine but the left wont
•Most common
Ex.Bilateral cleft: NOTHING came together, the premaxilla and nasal spine are shoved under the nose
Palate repair can be done as early as ?
12 months– typically 18 months
What is a cleft of the alveolus need?
a bony transplant
What is a cleft of the primary plate? vs. secondary plate?
Primary: premaxilla
Secondary: palatine processes and palatine bone
What is a submucous cleft?
-The tissue has come together but the muscle hasn’t, so the muscular sling didn’t form and the function of the palate will not work
-Velopharyngeal port will not close so hypernasality will occur because the muscles will not lift and there will be no seal of the velum to the wall
-
What are the bones of the hard palate?
the premaxilla, palatine processes of the maxilla, and the palatine bones
What does the premaxilla hold?
the four incisors
forms the alveolar ridge that forms the ridge
What are the names of all the teeth?
Incisors, cuspids, biscuspids, molars
Occlusion means
closure of the teeth
The top molar should be a little behind the bottom molar
Maloclussion has to do with placement relationships of the ________
molars
What is overjet?
Top 4 front teeth are too far in front and cover the bottom 4
What is class I
Class II
Class III occlusion?
Class I: • Crooked teeth but molar relationship is accurate
Class II: • Your typical overbite, the maxilla is too far forward in relation to the mandible
Class III:• The maxilla is too far behind the mandible, retrograde, typical for cleft palate kid, due to abnormal growth in the palate as a whole
What is a cross-bite?
•Normally the upper arch overlaps the lower arch
-The upper arch is a just a little further out than the lower arch by roughly a quarter of a tooth
•The upper arch hasn’t formed properly
Decidious dentition are?
baby teeth
are lettered
you start on the top right and letter the teeth to the left maxillary posterior arch
Misplaced dentition can have a real affect on phonemes (fricatives and affricates) but the biggest affect is on the ___________
velopharyngeal port
velar closure a client cannot produce ________
- consonants
- the velopharyngeal port will not close to impound oral pressure
What is the primary muscle for velopharyngeal closure?
levator veli palatini
What does the superior pharyngeal constrictor do?
takes a part in the velopharyngeal closure
what does the musculus uvulae
i. Come together at the center
ii. Participate in pharyngeal constrictor
The tensor veli palatini is for what ?
-for Eustachian tube function
why? technically the soft palate is not fused, because the muscle are held together by the raphe
they constantly are evaluated for ear infection
When the muscles of the velum are there, in a cleft palate, instead of attaching at the center they will come from where?
the sides!
So when the surgeon fixes the cleft he severs the muscle attachment and must bring them closer towards the front together
i. The resulting velum is often still short to touch the velopharyngeal wall ii. But 70% of the time the surgery is effective and function is good
