outer cell things (flagella, pili, etc)

Question 1

what is the S-layer

Answer 1

-protein mesh/sieve
-permeable paracrystalline lattice
-outer most layer for the enevlope

Question 2

what does the S-layer do in bacteria

Answer 2

-in few bacteria
-protection
-adhesion
-acts as an extra layer

Question 3

what does the S-layer do for archea

Answer 3

-acts as the cell wall
-protects against osmotic lysis
-cell shape

Question 4

what are the capsule and slime layer

Answer 4

-sticky poly saccharide coat
-sometimes made of protein (rare)
-outer most layer
-attachments, biofilm, protection, pathogenesis

Question 5

purpose of the capsule specifically

Answer 5

-tight matrix
-excludes small molecules
-strongly attached to the cell
-only seen within bacteria

Question 6

purpose of the slime layer specifically

Answer 6

-easily deformed
-loosely attached to the cell

Question 7

what is the outer most layer in bacteria

Answer 7

we dont have enough info

Question 8

pili

Answer 8

-found on bacteria surface
-thin filamentous protein
-multiple functions

Question 9

fimbriae

Answer 9

-short pili used for attachment
-helps attach and cause disease
-one role

Question 10

roles of pili

Answer 10

-conjugation (genetic exchange)
-twitching motility (type IV pili)
-pathogenicity
-adhesion

Question 11

where is pili found

Answer 11

in most gram negative and some gram positive bacteria

Question 12

flagellum

Answer 12

-thin protein appendages
-rotates at 1000 revolutions/sec
-60 cell lengths/sec

Question 13

monotrichous

Answer 13

one flagella

Question 14

amphitrechous

Answer 14

one flagella at each pole

Question 15

lophotrichous

Answer 15

multiple flagella at one pole

Question 16

peritricherous

Answer 16

many flagella found everywhere

Question 17

movement of flagellated bacteria

Answer 17

-tumbling (clockwise rotation of flagella)
-running (counter clockwise rotation of flagella)

Question 18

a bacteria is described as being hairy when under a microscope what is the structure

Answer 18

pili

Question 19

flagellum structure

Answer 19

-filament
-flagellin
-several parts: hook, basal body
-hollow
-proton motor force
-assembles form the tip

Question 20

archaellum structure

Answer 20

-filament
-smaller than flagella
-not hollow
-driven by ATP
-assembles form the base
-still rotates but slower

Question 21

motility: twitching

Answer 21

-atp dependent
-type IV pili
-extend then pull
-allows to move on harder surfaces

Question 22

motility: gliding

Answer 22

-proton motive force
-continuous and smooth motion without external propulsion

Question 23

your favorite bacteria moves and you did not detect a type 4 pili of flagellum what type of motility is your bacteria most likely capable of

Answer 23

gliding

Question 24

motility in eukarya

Answer 24

swimming (long structure: flagellum, short structure: cillia, which has other functions such as sweeping food)
flexile whip (microtubules in the cytoplasmic membrane, atp are the source of energy)