biology of the microbial cell

Question 1

what is not an example used to explain spontaneous generation

Answer 1

fungal spores deposited on a piece of melon gives rise same type of fungi

Question 2

what is the theory of spontaneous generations and how was it proved wrong

Answer 2

-life can arise from nonliving matter
-open container= formation of maggots in meat
-corked sealed container= no formation of maggots in meat
-gauze covered container= no formation of maggots in meat

Question 3

theory of spontaneous generation: pasture

Answer 3

-life only comes form life
-used neck flask
-open to lifeforce but prevents microbe entry
-curve of neck prevents outside air form entering=no contamination
-when neck broke off bacteria reaches sterile broth and growth occurs
-people didnt belive this theory because people were inconsistant with boiling broth

Question 4

person behind the origin of cell theory

Answer 4

-robert hooke observed and coined the term cells

Question 5

cell theory

Answer 5

-living organism are made up of 1 or more cells
-cells are the fundamental component of life
-cells arise from pre-existing cells (i.e. cell division)
-activity of and organism depends on the total activity of the cells
-energy flow occurs within cells
-cells contain DNA and RNA (and cells evolve)
-cells of similar species have simular chemical components

Question 6

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 6

-infoldings in the plasma membrane of an ancestral cell gave rise to endomembrane components, including nucleous and er
-in first endosymbiotic event, the ancestral eukaryote consumed aerobic bacteria that evolved to mitochondria
-the second endosymbiotic event the early eukaryote consumed photosynthetic bacteria that evolved into chloroplast

Question 7

what is a prokaryotic cell

Answer 7

-includes bacteria and archaea
-do not have a nucleus enclosed in nuclear envolope

Question 8

what do prokaryotes have instead of nucleus

Answer 8

nucleoid

Question 9

coccus

Answer 9

round

Question 10

bacillus

Answer 10

rod

Question 11

vibrio

Answer 11

curved rod

Question 12

coccobacillus

Answer 12

short rod

Question 13

spirillium

Answer 13

spiral

Question 14

spirochete

Answer 14

long, loose, helical spiral

Question 15

diplo…

Answer 15

pair of two

Question 16

tetrad

Answer 16

group of 4 cells arranged into square

Question 17

strepto…

Answer 17

chain of cells

Question 18

staphylo…

Answer 18

cluster of cells

Question 19

typical size of bacteria

Answer 19

1-10 microns

Question 20

typical size of eukaryotic cells

Answer 20

10-100 microns

Question 21

are all bacteria small

Answer 21

no there has been one the size of eyelashes (not all are microscopic)

Question 22

when using a bright field microscope what feature would differentiate a bacteria form a euakrya

Answer 22

mem bound nucleus + organelles, size

Question 23

instead of membrane for organelles what do prokaryotes have

Answer 23

-inclusions and compartments
-which are for;
-energy storage
-gas vesicles: float in water
-magnetosomes: which are gas bubbles in cells that accumulate Fe so can sense magnetic field

Question 24

endospores

Answer 24

-resistant to extreme temps and radiation
-do not absorb gram stain, only special endospore stains
-dehydrates; no metabolic activity
-dormant; no growth or metabolic activity

Question 24

how does bacteria make endospores

Answer 24

-DNA replicates (asymmetric division)
-membranes form around the DNA (engulfment)
-forespore forms additional membrane (maturation)
-protective cortex forms around spore (maturation)
-protein coat forms around the cortex (mother cell lysis)
-spore is released
-germination
-binary fission

Question 24

at which step can you inhibit spore formation

Answer 24

at the asymmetrical division

Question 25

what is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 25

-membrane-enclosed nucleus
-membrane-bound organelles

Question 26

you have isolated a new eukaryotic microbe you analyze its ribosomes and observe two different ribosomes a 70s and a 80s what is the best explination

Answer 26

the endosymbiotic theory: mitochondria and chloroplast arise from bacteria