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ANIMAL breeding > Outbreeding > Flashcards

Outbreeding Flashcards

0
Q

outbreeding is also known as ________

A

genetic disasort-ative matng

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1
Q

define Outbreeding

A

mating of unrelated individuals

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2
Q

progeny produced by outbreeing are called ________

A

outcross

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3
Q

________ is the most common breeding system practised by breeders

A

outbreeding

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4
Q

define selective breeding

A

the outcrossing within a herd by use of selected sires

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5
Q

outbreeding is effective for characters having _________ heritability & which are governed by ________ effect of genes

A

high

additive

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6
Q

in selection combined with outbreeding the response to selection declines after ______ generations and after ________ generations of cont. selection the response ceases

A

10-15

20-30

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7
Q

define plateau

A

the level at which there is a failure to respond

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8
Q

plateau is phenomenon when selection is (effective/non-effective)

A

not effective

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9
Q

define top crossing

A

mating of females to last male of top side of pedigree(i.e. purebreed inbred male)

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10
Q

define cross breeding

A

mating of animals from different established breeds

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11
Q

purebreds of today were the ______ of yesterday

A

crossbred

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12
Q

crossbreeding has become common in _______ & ________

A

pig

poultry

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13
Q

define “complementarity in crossbreeding”

A

when crossbreeding combines good qualities of two breeds into one breed

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14
Q

the 2 major forms of crossbreeding are

A
  1. regular/systematic

2. composite

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15
Q

regular/systematic crossing can further be grouped into

A
  1. specific crossing

2. rotational crossing

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16
Q

specific crossing can further be grouped into

A
  1. two breed cross
  2. three breed cross/triple cross
  3. four breed cross/double two breed cross
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17
Q

two breed cross can further be grouped into

A
  1. two pure breed cross
  2. inter se mating
  3. back crossing
  4. criss crossing
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18
Q

inter se mating is the crossing of __________

A

crossbreds

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19
Q

back crossing is crossing with ______________

A

males of purebreed

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20
Q

two pure breed crosses show _____% individual heterosis and _____% parental heterosis

A

100

0

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21
Q

which cross is made to exploit maternal or paternal heterosis

A

back crossing

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22
Q

the cross breed parent in back crossing should be ________

A

female

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23
Q

is maternal heterosis important or paternal heterosis

A

maternal heterosis

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24
Q

the back cross progeny show _________% maternal heterosis and _________% individual heterosis

A

100

50

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26
Q

in triple crossing, there is __________% maternal heterosis & __________% individual heterosis

A

100

100

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27
Q

four breed crosses are used for procuding ________

A

commercial progeny

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28
Q

in four breed cross, there is ________% maternal heterosis & ________% paternal heterosis

A

100
100

same as 3 breed cross

29
Q

define rotational crosses

A

males of 2 or 3 breeds are used in regular rotation in successive generations on crossbred females of previous generation

30
Q

major disadvantage of rotational crossing

A

does not allow any exploitation of complementarity

31
Q

____________ is an alternate to regular crossing

A

composite crossing

32
Q

define synthetic population

A

single population having mixture of various crossbred populations

33
Q

__________ of the heterosis present in F1 is retained in F2 in composite/synthetic breed

A

1-1/n

n= no. of populations contributing equally to the synthetic

34
Q

define grading up

A

mating between sires of a “pure breed” with females of “non-descript” type

35
Q

grading up is a typ of “______breeding”

A

cross

36
Q

in GRADING UP, after 6 generations of crossing the graded with purebred sires produce the progeny which have ______ genes of purebred.

A

98.4%

37
Q

limitation of GRADING UP system is ________________

A

genotype-enviromental interaction

38
Q

define “species hybridization”

A

cross between two species

39
Q

____________ is extreme possible type of outbreeding

A

species hybridization

40
Q

MULE

A 
male ass(jack)
female horse(mare)
41
Q

HINNY

A 
male horse(stallion)
female ass(jennet)
42
Q

ZEBROID

A

zebra

horse

43
Q

ASBRA

A

ass

zabra

44
Q

cattle yak cross in tibet

A

Pien niu

45
Q

CATTALO

A 
american buffalo bull(B. bison)
domestic cow(B. taurus)
46
Q

“Mithun-Cow” cross

A

Jatsa (Male)

Jatsa-min (Female)

47
Q

“Mithun-siri cow” cross

A

Jechha(male)

Jessam(female)

48
Q

Jatsa

A

male F1 of mithun-cow cross

49
Q

Jatsamin

A

female F1 of mithun-cow cross

50
Q

___________ is opposite to inbreeding

A

outbreeding

51
Q

outbreeding increases (homozygosity/heterozygosity)

A

heterozygosity

52
Q

the decrease is heterozygosity in subsequent generations of outbreeds is due to ____________

A

segregation of genes

53
Q

can outbreds breed true or not? if not then why?

A
  • No, they can’t breed true

- because of heteozygosity

54
Q

hybrid vigour is also known as ____________

A

heterosis(positive)

55
Q

define heterosis/hybrid vigour

A

the superiority of outbreds/crossbreds over the average of their parents

56
Q

hybrid vigour is opposite to the phenomen of ___________

A

inbreeding depression

57
Q

heterosis and inbreeding depression is due to ____________ gene action

A

non-additive

58
Q

non-additive gene action includes
1.
2.
3.

A
  • dominance
  • over dominance
  • epistasis
59
Q

no heterosis is observed for traits governed by _________ gene action

A

additive

60
Q

define “heterotic traits”

A

traits showing heterosis
or
traits governed by non-additive gene action

61
Q

heterosis=______________-_______________

A

mean of F1 progeny

mean of parental breeds

62
Q

%heterosis=

A

mean of F1 progeny-mean of parental breeds/mean of parental breeds *100

63
Q

when additive gene action effects the character the mean of F1 progeny is ___________() as the mean of parents

A

exactly same

64
Q

which traits are more influenced by heterosis

A

early expressed traits

  • survival rate
  • growth rate
65
Q

the crosses between 2 breeds(having different gene frequencies) produce _______ frequency of reccesive than av. of two parents

A

lower

i.e. qq’ instead of 1/2(p2 + p’2)

66
Q

acc. to overdominance theory, heterozygous individual will be superior to the _______ parent

A

best homozygous

67
Q

define “epistasis”

A

phenomen of interacting of genes which are not alleles(i.e. from different loci)

68
Q

cross breds have (less/more) efficient metabolic system

A

more effecient

74
Q

criss crossing is similar to back crossing except that ____________________________

A

both parental breeds are used alternatively in each generation

ANIMAL breeding (11 decks)

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