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ANIMAL breeding > Outbreeding > Flashcards

Outbreeding Flashcards

0
Q

outbreeding is also known as ________

A

genetic disasort-ative matng

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1
Q

define Outbreeding

A

mating of unrelated individuals

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2
Q

progeny produced by outbreeing are called ________

A

outcross

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3
Q

________ is the most common breeding system practised by breeders

A

outbreeding

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4
Q

define selective breeding

A

the outcrossing within a herd by use of selected sires

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5
Q

outbreeding is effective for characters having _________ heritability & which are governed by ________ effect of genes

A

high

additive

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6
Q

in selection combined with outbreeding the response to selection declines after ______ generations and after ________ generations of cont. selection the response ceases

A

10-15

20-30

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7
Q

define plateau

A

the level at which there is a failure to respond

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8
Q

plateau is phenomenon when selection is (effective/non-effective)

A

not effective

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9
Q

define top crossing

A

mating of females to last male of top side of pedigree(i.e. purebreed inbred male)

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10
Q

define cross breeding

A

mating of animals from different established breeds

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11
Q

purebreds of today were the ______ of yesterday

A

crossbred

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12
Q

crossbreeding has become common in _______ & ________

A

pig

poultry

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13
Q

define “complementarity in crossbreeding”

A

when crossbreeding combines good qualities of two breeds into one breed

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14
Q

the 2 major forms of crossbreeding are

A
  1. regular/systematic

2. composite

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15
Q

regular/systematic crossing can further be grouped into

A
  1. specific crossing

2. rotational crossing

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16
Q

specific crossing can further be grouped into

A
  1. two breed cross
  2. three breed cross/triple cross
  3. four breed cross/double two breed cross
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17
Q

two breed cross can further be grouped into

A
  1. two pure breed cross
  2. inter se mating
  3. back crossing
  4. criss crossing
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18
Q

inter se mating is the crossing of __________

A

crossbreds

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19
Q

back crossing is crossing with ______________

A

males of purebreed

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20
Q

two pure breed crosses show _____% individual heterosis and _____% parental heterosis

A

100

0

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21
Q

which cross is made to exploit maternal or paternal heterosis

A

back crossing

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22
Q

the cross breed parent in back crossing should be ________

A

female

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23
Q

is maternal heterosis important or paternal heterosis

A

maternal heterosis

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24
the back cross progeny show _________% maternal heterosis and _________% individual heterosis
100 | 50
26
in triple crossing, there is __________% maternal heterosis & __________% individual heterosis
100 | 100
27
four breed crosses are used for procuding ________
commercial progeny
28
in four breed cross, there is ________% maternal heterosis & ________% paternal heterosis
100 100 same as 3 breed cross
29
define rotational crosses
males of 2 or 3 breeds are used in regular rotation in successive generations on crossbred females of previous generation
30
major disadvantage of rotational crossing
does not allow any exploitation of complementarity
31
____________ is an alternate to regular crossing
composite crossing
32
define synthetic population
single population having mixture of various crossbred populations
33
__________ of the heterosis present in F1 is retained in F2 in composite/synthetic breed
1-1/n n= no. of populations contributing equally to the synthetic
34
define grading up
mating between sires of a "pure breed" with females of "non-descript" type
35
grading up is a typ of "______breeding"
cross
36
in GRADING UP, after 6 generations of crossing the graded with purebred sires produce the progeny which have ______ genes of purebred.
98.4%
37
limitation of GRADING UP system is ________________
genotype-enviromental interaction
38
define "species hybridization"
cross between two species
39
____________ is extreme possible type of outbreeding
species hybridization
40
MULE
``` male ass(jack) female horse(mare) ```
41
HINNY
``` male horse(stallion) female ass(jennet) ```
42
ZEBROID
zebra | horse
43
ASBRA
ass | zabra
44
cattle yak cross in tibet
Pien niu
45
CATTALO
``` american buffalo bull(B. bison) domestic cow(B. taurus) ```
46
"Mithun-Cow" cross
Jatsa (Male) | Jatsa-min (Female)
47
"Mithun-siri cow" cross
Jechha(male) | Jessam(female)
48
Jatsa
male F1 of mithun-cow cross
49
Jatsamin
female F1 of mithun-cow cross
50
___________ is opposite to inbreeding
outbreeding
51
outbreeding increases (homozygosity/heterozygosity)
heterozygosity
52
the decrease is heterozygosity in subsequent generations of outbreeds is due to ____________
segregation of genes
53
can outbreds breed true or not? if not then why?
- No, they can't breed true | - because of heteozygosity
54
hybrid vigour is also known as ____________
heterosis(positive)
55
define heterosis/hybrid vigour
the superiority of outbreds/crossbreds over the average of their parents
56
hybrid vigour is opposite to the phenomen of ___________
inbreeding depression
57
heterosis and inbreeding depression is due to ____________ gene action
non-additive
58
non-additive gene action includes 1. 2. 3.
- dominance - over dominance - epistasis
59
no heterosis is observed for traits governed by _________ gene action
additive
60
define "heterotic traits"
traits showing heterosis or traits governed by non-additive gene action
61
heterosis=______________-_______________
mean of F1 progeny | mean of parental breeds
62
%heterosis=
mean of F1 progeny-mean of parental breeds/mean of parental breeds *100
63
when additive gene action effects the character the mean of F1 progeny is ___________() as the mean of parents
exactly same
64
which traits are more influenced by heterosis
early expressed traits - survival rate - growth rate
65
the crosses between 2 breeds(having different gene frequencies) produce _______ frequency of reccesive than av. of two parents
lower i.e. qq' instead of 1/2(p2 + p'2)
66
acc. to overdominance theory, heterozygous individual will be superior to the _______ parent
best homozygous
67
define "epistasis"
phenomen of interacting of genes which are not alleles(i.e. from different loci)
68
cross breds have (less/more) efficient metabolic system
more effecient
74
criss crossing is similar to back crossing except that ____________________________
both parental breeds are used alternatively in each generation

ANIMAL breeding (11 decks)

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