Outbreak ! Flashcards

1
Q

What are Healthcare Associated Infections?

A

Infections that can be caught when accessing healthcare in hospitals, care homes, doctors surgeries, health centres or receiving
care at home

Acquired after 48 hours

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2
Q

What are the most common HAI?

A

Urine infections, skin infections, sickness and diarrhoea

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3
Q

Define an outbreak?

A

2 or more cases of infection linked in time and place

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4
Q

What is the purpose of IPCT?

A

Prevention of individual infections and outbreaks

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5
Q

What is the purpose of surveillance?

A

Detect and identify possible outbreak at earliest opportunity

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6
Q

What are infectious agents?

A

Bacteria, Virus, Fungi and Prion

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7
Q

Who can act as reservoirs?

A

Humans, Equipment, Environment, Food and Animals

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8
Q

What acts as the portal of exit?

A

Blood and body fluids, skin scales/wound, coughing and sneezing

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9
Q

What are the mode of transmission?

A

Direct or indirect, inhalation, ingestion of contaminated food

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10
Q

What are the portals of entry?

A

Skin/surgical wounds, eyes or mouth, respiratory tract, intestinal tract, tubes

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11
Q

What are susceptible hosts?

A

Underdeveloped immune system, decreasing immune system, drugs or diseases, tubes

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12
Q

Name the transmission based precautions?

A

Contact, gloves and aprons, masks, eye protection

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13
Q

Define cleaning?

A

Physical removal of organic material and decrease in microbial load

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14
Q

Define disinfection?

A

Large reduction in microbe numbers - spores may remain

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15
Q

Define sterilisation?

A

Removal/Destruction of ALL microbes and spores

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16
Q

What objects are low risk for infection?

A

Intact skin contact eg stethoscope, cots and matresses. Cleaning these objects is acceptable

17
Q

What objects are medium risk for infection?

A

Mucous membrane contact e.g bedpans, vaginal specula or endoscopes. Disinfection or sterilisation is appropriate

18
Q

What objects are high risk for infection?

A

Surgical instruments

Sterilisation is appropriate

19
Q

What are methods of disinfection ?

A

Heat i.e boiling or pasturisation

Chemical i.e alcohol, chlorhexidine, hypochlorites, hydrogen peroxide

20
Q

What are methods of sterilisation?

A

Autoclave, hot air oven, ethylene dioxide and ionising radiation