Immunisation and prophylaxis

Question 1

How many doses of a killed vaccine does it take to sustain immunity?

Answer 1

Three doses

Question 2

What kinds of vaccine are available ?

Answer 2

Live attenuated vaccines, inactivated (killed) vaccines, detoxified exotoxin, subunit of micro-organism (purified microbial products or recombinant)

Question 3

What are examples of live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 3

MMR, BCG, VZV, Yellow fever, smallpox, typhoid, polio, rotavirus

Question 4

What are examples of killed vaccines

Answer 4

Polio, Hepatitis A, Cholera, Rabies, Japanese encephalitis, Tick-borne encephalitis, influenza

Question 5

How is a toxin turned into a toxoid?

Answer 5

It is treated with formalin

Question 6

For what diseases are subunit vaccines given?

Answer 6

Pertussis, haemophilus influenza type B, meningococcus (Group C), pneumococcus, Typhoid, anthrax, Hepatitis B

Question 7

What goes in the 6 in 1 vaccine?

Answer 7

D	= purified diphtheria toxoid
T	= purified tetanus toxoid
aP	= purified Bordetella pertussis 
IPV= inactivated polio virus
Hib= purified component of Haemophilus influenzae b
HBV= hepatitis B rDNA

Question 8

Describe the influenza vaccine?

Answer 8

Since influenza A and B constantly change antigenic structure, new vaccines are created eacah year.

Single dose is given
Generated in egg embryos so cannot be given to those with egg allergy

Question 9

When is pneumovax II given?

Answer 9

For those at increased risk of pneumococcal infection. Single dose

Question 10

When is prevenar 13 given?

Answer 10

Part of childhood immunisation schedule. Given in three doses

Question 11

When are children given the hepatitis B vaccine?

Answer 11

0,1,2 months and 1 year

Question 12

When is the Varicella Zoster vaccine given?

Answer 12

Given to immunosuppressed patients or to children if in contact with those at risk of severe VZV. Health workers also given the vaccine.

2doses given 4-8 weeks apart

Question 13

When is the shingles vaccine given?

Answer 13

All elderly patients at 70-80 years

Question 14

When is human normal immunoglobulin given?

Answer 14

Contains Ab’s against hep b, rubella and measles. Used in immunoglobulin deficiecy and treatment of autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis

Question 15

What risk assessments should be performed before vaccinating a traveller?

Answer 15

Health of traveller, previous immuisation and prophylaxis, area to be visited, duration of visit, accomodation, activities, remote areas or recent outbreaks

Question 16

What are common immunisations for travellers?

Answer 16

Tetanus, polio, typhoid, hepatitis A, yellow fever, cholera

Question 17

What is the ABCD of malaria prevention?

Answer 17

Awareness of risk, Bite Prevention, Chemoprophylaxix, Diagnosis and Treatment

Question 18

What is given as chemoprophylaxis against malaria?

Answer 18

Malarone, doxycycline, mefloquine, chloroquine, proquanil

Question 19

When should mefloquine be avoided?

Answer 19

Avoid if history of psychosis or epilepsy