HIV and AIDS Flashcards
How is HIV transmitted ?
Mother to child, unscreened blood, sexual, injecting drugs, Organ Donation
What are the two viruses of HIV?
HIV 1 and HIV 2
What is the most predominant virus of HIV?
HIV1
How does HIV attack the body?
HIV virus attached to cells with CD4 on surface and cells with certain chemokine receptors.
The retrovirus converts RNA to DNA which results in virus diversity and persists infection of cell.
Integrase facilites integration into host cell DNA and protease allows virus maturity
How is HIV diagnosed?
Antigen and antibody presentation
How is HIV monitored?
CD4 lymphocyte count, HIV viral load, clinical features
What occurs when a person begins ARV therapy?
Viral load falls but CD4 count rises
What is the trend between severity of illness and CD4 count?
Severity of illness is greater when CD4 count is low
What is the CD4 count during AIDS?
<200
What is clinical stage 1 of HIV?
Asymptomatic with persistent generalised lymphadenopathy
What is clinical stage II of HIV?
Weight loss, minor mucocutaneous manifestations, Herpes zoster within last five years, recurrent URTI
What is clinical stage III of HIV ?
Weight loss, unexplained chronic diarrhoea, unexplained prolonged fever, oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, pulmonary TB within last year, severe bacterial infection,
What is clinical stage IV of HIV ?
HIV wasting syndrome, pneumonia, toxoplamsosis of the brain, cryptococcus, cytomegalovirus, HSV, candidiasis of the oesophagus, trachea, bronchi or lungs, extrapulmonary TB, HIV encephalopathy
What is the natural progression of HIV?
Acute infection (seroconversion), asymptomatic, HIV related illness, AIDS defining illness, death
What occurs on initial exposure?
30-60% of patients have a seroconversion. Usually self-limiting 1-2 weeks and symptoms are usually unspecific
