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Head and neck > Otology > Flashcards

Otology Flashcards

1
Q

List some useful tests used in otology.

A

Rinne’s
Weber’s
Whispered voice

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2
Q

What do the possible results of an tympanogram mean?

A

Standard parabola - Normal middle ear pressure and compliance
Line starts above zero and curves down - Low middle ear compliance
Low curve - Low middle ear pressure

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3
Q

What foreign body would warrant urgent removal if lodged in the ear?

A

Button battery

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4
Q

Would organic or inorganic material need more urgent removal if lodged in the ear?

A

Organic

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5
Q

What is the management of auricular haematoma? (leads to scarring and cauliflower ear)

A

Incision and drainage
Pressure dressing
Antibiotics

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6
Q

What is Otitis Externa?

A

Inflammation of the external auditory meatus

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7
Q

What is the treatment of OE?

A

Topcial antibiotic/steroid ear drops

Oral antibiotics reserved for severe cases

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8
Q

What is Malignant OE?

A

Osteomyelitis of temporal bone

Granulations in external auditory meatus

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9
Q

What is the treatment for Malignant OE?

A

Antibiotics

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10
Q

What is OM with effusion?

A

Sterile fluid in middle ear

Eustacian tube blocked

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11
Q

What are some effects of OM with effusion?

A

Hearing loss

Speech delay

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12
Q

What is the management of OM with effusion?

A

Observed for 3 months
Otovent (try inflate small balloon with nose to force air up)
Grommet

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13
Q

How does acute supprative OM present?

A

Pus in middle ear

Otalgia

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14
Q

What is the management of acute supprative OM?

A

Observe for a few days as it is often self-limiting

If it is persistent then antibiotics, probably amoxicillin

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15
Q

What is tympanosclerosis?

A

Calcification of tympanic membrane
Usually asymptomatic
Usually no management

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16
Q

How does chronic supprative OM present?

A

Perforated tympanic membrane

Cholesteatoma

17
Q

What are some effects of a perforated tympanic membrane?

A

Hearing loss

Recurrent infection

18
Q

What are some effects of a cholesteatoma?

A

Eustacian tube dysfunction

Persistent offensive otorrhea

19
Q

What is the function of the eustacian tube?

A

Equalises pressure in the middle ear

Drain the middle ear

20
Q

List some causes of sensorineural hearing loss.

A 
Presbyacusis
Head injury
Viral infection
Noise exposure
Ototoxic medication (gentamycin)
Acoustic neuroma
21
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

Gradual loss of hearing as an individual grows older

22
Q

What is an acoustic neuroma?

A

Benign tumour which grows on vestibular and cochlear nerves, putting pressure on them and possibly leading to hearing loss and imbalance

23
Q

What is tinnitus?

A

Any abnormal sound in the ear

24
Q

How do we treat tinnitus?

A

Try and identify an underlying cause and treat that

25
Q

What is vertigo?

A

An unjustified perception of movement

26
Q

Which conditions are involved in the differential diagnosis of vertigo?

A

Benign positional vertigo
Meniere’s disease
Vestibular neuritis
Migraine

Head and neck (11 decks)

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