ENT - Paediatrics

Question 1

What are some important distinctions to make with regards to hearing loss?

Answer 1

Unilateral or bilateral?
Congenital or acquired?
Conductive or sensorineural?

Question 2

What are some common presenting complaints with hearing loss?

Answer 2

Pain
Discharge
Loss of function
Impaired speech development
Poor school performance

Question 3

List some risk factors associated with paediatric hearing loss.

Answer 3

Maternal perinatal infections
Prematurity
Anoxia
Neonatal infections (drugs, jaundice)

Question 4

How would you test for hearing loss in an infant aged 6-12 months?

Answer 4

Distraction test

Question 5

How would you test for hearing loss in a child aged 12 months to 3 years?

Answer 5

Visual reinforced audiometry

Question 6

How would you test for hearing loss in a child aged 3-5 years?

Answer 6

Play audiometry

Question 7

How would you test for hearing loss in individuals aged 4 years+?

Answer 7

Pure tone audiometry

Question 8

What must parents take precaution against when caring for a child recovering from OE?

Answer 8

Water getting into the ear

Question 9

Which bacteria are associated with acute OM?

Answer 9

Haemophilus Influenzae
Strep. Pneumoniae
Moraxella Catarrhalis

Question 10

What is the management of Chronic OM with cholesteatoma?

Answer 10

Requires mastoidectomy

Question 11

What is the normal for blocked/runny nose?

Answer 11

8 episodes per year, lasting around 15 days each at most

Question 12

What is epistaxis?

Answer 12

Nose bleed

Question 13

What are some techniques for managing epistaxis?

Answer 13

Naseptin
Bacteroban
Nasal packing

Question 14

What anatomical features can lead to airway issues?

Answer 14

Large tongue
Large tonsils
Large epiglottis
Short neck