Anatomy/Physiology of the neck Flashcards
What are the borders of the neck?
Anterior - Anterior midline
Posterior - Trapezius
Superior - Mandible
Inferior - Clavicle
List some contents of the anterior triangle.
CCA ECA ICA IJV Facial artery Hypoglossal nerves Vagus nerves Glossopharyngeal nerves Accessory nerves Laryngeal nerves Submandibular nodes Submental nodes Facial vein
List some contents of the posterior triangle.
Accessory nerve Cervical nerve plexus Occipital artery EJV Lymph nodes
Where does the CCA divide?
C4
Does the ICA have branches in the neck?
No
List some branches of the ECA in the neck.
Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Occipital artery Facial artery Posterior auricular artery Maxillary artery Superficial temporal artery
Which areas are drained by the Parotid lymph nodes?
Scalp
Face
Parotid gland
Which areas are drained by the occipital lymph nodes?
Scalp
Which areas are drained by the superficial cervical lymph nodes?
Breast
Solid Viscera
Which areas are drained by the submandibular lymph nodes?
Tongue Nose Paranasal sinuses Submandibular gland Oral cavity
Which areas are drained by the deep cervical lymph nodes?
This is the final drainage pathway to the thoracic duct
Which areas are drained by the submental lymph nodes?
Lips
Floor of mouth
Which areas are drained by the supraclavicular lymph nodes?
Breasts
Oesophagus
Solid viscera
What joins the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland?
Isthmus
What are the 2 main hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine Calcitonin (raises and lowers calcium)
What would a thyroid mass that moves with tongue protrusion indicate?
Thyroglossal cyst
What are some causes of thyroid enlargement?
Colloid Goitre
Grave’s disease
Thyroiditis
List some components of Grave’s disease.
Autosomal dominant
Hyperthyroidism
Thyroid eye disease
Acropachy (soft tissue swelling in hands)
List some indications for a thyroidectomy.
Airway obstruction
Malignancy
Thyrotoxicosis
What are some signs of parathyroid disease?
Renal calculi Polyuria Renal failure Osteoperosis Peptic ulceration
What are some symptoms of parathyroid disease?
Abdominal pain Constipation Weight loss Anxiety and depression Confusion
What is a pharyngeal pouch?
Herniation of pharyngeal mucosa between thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus muscles. Food may collect here.
What are some consequences of a pharyngeal pouch?
Hoarseness Dysphagia Aspiration pneumonia Regurgitation Weight loss
