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MCN 109 LECTURE FINALS > Otitis Media > Flashcards

Otitis Media Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the middle ear

A

Otitis Media

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2
Q

Otitis Media may involve inflammation of what?

A

Mastoid, Petrus apex, peri labyrinthine cells

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3
Q

It is an ear infection, that occurs the space behind the eardrum

A

Otitis Media

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4
Q

Where is the middle ear?

A

Behind the eardrum (Tympanic Membrane) and is also home to delicate bones that aid in hearing.

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5
Q

Bones (ossicles) found in the middle ear that aids in hearing.

A

Hammer (Malleus)
Anvil (Incus)
Stirrups (Stapes)

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6
Q

Three main parts of the ear

A

Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

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7
Q

is the outside external ear flap and the ear canal (external auditory canal).

A

Outer Ear

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8
Q

is the air-filled space between the eardrum (tympanic membrane) and the inner ear.
The middle ear houses the delicate bones that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.
This is where ear infections occur.

A

Middle Ear

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9
Q

contains the snail-shaped labyrinth that converts sound vibrations received from the middle ear to electrical signals.
The auditory nerve carries these signals to the brain.

A

Inner Ear

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10
Q

Classifications

A

Acute OM
Sub-Acute OM
Chronic OM

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11
Q

Acute OM

A

Rapid onset of signs and symptoms
less than 3 weeks course

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12
Q

Sub-acute OM

A

3 weeks to 3 mos

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13
Q

Chronic OM

A

3 mos or longer

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14
Q

ASOM Meaning

A

Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

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15
Q

Causes of ASOM

A

Age: Common in children due to shorter eustachian tube
Adenoiditis, tonsilitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and infection secondary to chest palate.
Head injury.

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16
Q

PATHOLOGY OF OM

A

Stage 1: Catarrhal stage
Stage 2: Stage of Exudation
Stage 3: Stage of Suppuration
Stage 4: Stage of Healing
Stage 5: Stage of Complications

17
Q

is characterized by occlusion of Eustachian tube and congestion of middle ear.

A

Catarrhal Stage

18
Q

exudates collects in the middle ear and ear drum is pushed laterally. Initially the exudate is mucoid, later it becomes purulent.

A

Stage of exudation

19
Q

Pus in the middle ear collect under tension, stretches the drum and perforates it by pressure necrosis and the exudates starts escaping into external auditory canal.

A

Stage of suppuration

20
Q

the infection starts resolving from any of the stages mentioned and usually clears up completely without leaving any sequelae.

A

Stage of Healing

21
Q

infection may spread to the mastoid to the antrum.

A

Stage of Complications

22
Q

Stage of complications can cause

A

Catarrhal mastoiditis or congestion of the mastoid mucosal also know as stage of coalescent mastoiditis.

23
Q

Manifestations for Catarrhal stage or stage of congestion

A

Fullness or heaviness in the ear
Severe ear pain at night
Deafness
Tinnitus (ringing/buzzing in the ear)
Autophony (spoken words of patient echo in his ears)

24
Q

Manifestations for second stage

A

All symptoms becomes more severe.

25
Q

Manifestations for third stage

A

Perforation of ear drum
Otorrhea with mucoid purulent discharge

26
Q

Manifestations for fourth stage

A

Healing starts in this stage

27
Q

Manifestations for fifth stage

A

Spread of infection to mastoid

28
Q

Risk factors for ear infections

A

Age
Family hx.
Colds
Allergies
Chronic illnesses

29
Q

Risk factors for age

A

Infants and young children (between 6 months of age and 2 years)

30
Q

cause inflammation (swelling) of the nasal passages and upper respiratory tract, which can enlarge the adenoids.

A

Allergies

31
Q

can block the eustachian tube, preventing ear fluids from draining. This leads to fluid buildup in the middle ear, causing pressure, pain and possible infection.

A

Enlarge Adenoids

32
Q

Chronic illnesses that could possibly cause infections

A

Cystic fibrosis or Asthma

33
Q

Diagnosis for OM

A

Tuning fork test and audiometry
Radiography
Bacteriological examination of the ear discharge
Pneumatic otoscopy

34
Q

Systemic Treatments for AOM

A

Antibiotics: Tetracycline, erythromycin. Ampicillin or Penicillin for 6 days.
Decongestants: Phenylephrine Hcl

35
Q

Local Treatments AOM

A

Glycerine carbolic ear drops or warm olive oil reduces pain before perforation of TM
Antibiotic drops: Chloramphenicol

36
Q

The TM is incised to drain the middle ear cavity.

A

Myringotomy

37
Q

Puncturing the ear drum with a long thick injection needle and aspirating the middle ear contents.

A

Myringo-puncture

MCN 109 LECTURE FINALS (12 decks)

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