HERNIAS

Question 1

is the intermittent protrusion of the stomach up through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.

Answer 1

Hiatal Hernia

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms of HH

Answer 2

*Periodic vomiting, usually pain accompanies the vomiting.
*Shortness of breath

Question 3

Management for HH

Answer 3

*Keep in an upright position to help prevent the condition from recurring
*Medication to reduce acid secretion
*Laparoscopic surgery to reduce the stomach’s ability to protrude through the diaphragm

Question 4

Is a protrusion of an abdominal organ (usually the stomach or intestine) through a defect in the diaphragm into the chest cavity

Answer 4

Diaphragmatic Hernia

Question 5

Why DH occur?

Answer 5

early in intrauterine life, the chest and abdominal cavity are one; at approximately week 8 of growth, the diaphragm forms to divide them

Question 6

Where can DH be detected?

Answer 6

is occasionally detected in utero by a sonogram

Question 7

Assessment of DH

Answer 7

*Diaphragmatic hernia is occasionally detected in utero by a sonogram
*diagnosed at birth
*respiratory difficulty from the moment of birth
*There abdomen appears sunken
*Breath sounds will be absent on the affected side of the chest cavity
*There may be cyanosis and intercostal or subcostal retractions

Question 8

Management of DH

Answer 8

*emergency surgical repair of the diaphragm and replacement of the herniated intestine back into the abdomen
*The infant breathes better with the head elevated
*A nasogastric tube or gastrostomy tube is inserted immediately to prevent distention of the herniated intestine
*Keep the infant NPO after surgery
*After surgery continue to maintain the infant in a Semi Fowlers position in an infant chair to keep the pressure of the replaced intestine off the repaired diaphragm

Question 9

Is a protrusion of a portion of the intestine through the umbilical ring, muscle and fascia surrounding the umbilical cord

Answer 9

Umbilical Hernia

Question 10

creates a bulging protrusion under the skin at the umbilicus

Answer 10

Umbilical Hernia

Question 11

Which gender UH mostly occur?

Answer 11

Girls

Question 12

Structure size of UH

Answer 12

The structure is generally 1 to 2 cm (0.5 to 1 inch) in diameter but may be as big as an orange when children cry or strain

Question 13

When is surgery done for UH

Answer 13

1-2 yrs

Question 14

can lead to bowel strangulation and should be avoided in UH

Answer 14

Taping a silver dollar over the area

Question 15

a protrusion of a section of the bowel into the inguinal ring. It occurs in boys because, as the testes descend from the abdominal cavity into scrotum late in fetal life, a fold of parietal peritoneum also descends, forming a tube from the abdomen to the scrotum.

Answer 15

Inguinal Hernia