Cerebral Palsy-UTI

Question 1

is a group of nonprogressive disorders of upper motor neuron impairment that result in motor dysfunction.

Answer 1

Cerebral Palsy

Question 2

can lead to orthopedic or gait difficulties.

Answer 2

Muscle spasticity

Question 3

Exact cause of CP

Answer 3

Unknown but is associated with low birth weight, preterm birth, or birth injury

Question 4

When does CP occur

Answer 4

approximately 2 of every 1,000 births, most frequently in very- low- birth-weight infants and those who are small for gestational age

Question 5

Head injury such as from child maltreatment or automobile accidents also may lead to CP symptoms (True or False)

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis can NOT result in CP symptoms

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

is the distorted and uncontrolled proliferation of WBCs (leukocytes) and is the most frequently occurring type of cancer in children.

Answer 7

Leukemia

Question 8

accounts for 75% of leukemias and involves lymphoblasts (immature lymphocytes), because of the rapid proliferation of so many immature lymphocytes, the production of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets falls

Answer 8

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

Question 9

The abnormally proliferating cells are so immature that they may be identifiable only at the immature ——- stage

Answer 9

“blast cell” or “stem cell”

Question 10

The highest incidence of ALL is in children between what ages?

Answer 10

2 and 6 years of age

Question 11

Where is the incidence of ALL mostly higher?

Answer 11

Boys, seen more often in Hispanic and white children than in children of other races.

Question 12

is a malignant tumor that rises from the metanephric mesoderm cells of the upper pole of the kidney

Answer 12

Wilm’s Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

Question 13

WT accounts for ?% of solid tumors in childhood; there is no increased incidence based on sex or race.

Answer 13

20%

Question 14

lack of color in the iris

Answer 14

aniridia

Question 15

A number of genes have been identified as associated with the disorder, most prominently —–

Answer 15

a deletion of chromosome 11

Question 16

A nephroblastoma is usually discovered early in life

Answer 16

6 months to 5 years; peak at 3 to 4 years

Question 17

distort the kidney anteriorly so that the tumor is felt as a firm, nontender abdominal mass.

Answer 17

Nephroblastoma

Question 18

excision of the affected kidney

Answer 18

nephrectomy

Question 19

Chemotherapy in Wilm’s tumor may be given at varying intervals for as long as

Answer 19

15 mos

Question 20

A second surgical procedure may be scheduled after — to remove remaining tumor

Answer 20

2 or 3 mos

Question 21

occurs more often in females than in males at a ratio of about 8% in girls to 2% in boys

Answer 21

UTI

Question 22

Urinary pathogens appear to enter the urinary tract most often as an ascending infection from the perineum and are gram-negative rods such as

Answer 22

E. Coli

Question 23

UTIs also occur as a health care- acquired infection in children who have —-

Answer 23

urinary catheters

Question 24

Why UTI is prevalent in girls

Answer 24

urethra is shorter in girls

Question 25

A count of less than —- per ml is considered a negative culture.

Answer 25

10,000

Question 26

urine specimen is said to be positive for bacteriuria if the bacterial colony count is more than —– per ml.

Answer 26

100,000

Question 27

If the count is between 10,000 and 100,000 per al or if the urine is positive for proteinuria (which could happen because of the presence of bacteria), the count is usually

Answer 27

Repeated

Question 28

The medical treatment for UTI is the oral administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic such as

Answer 28

sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim (Bactrim) or amoxicillin

Question 29

is often recommended as being highly effective in acidifying urine and making it more resistant to bacterial growth.

Answer 29

Cranberry juice