Otitis in the canine and feline patient Flashcards
otitis externa is where to where?
right before TM (not including) and outward
Otitis media is where to where?
TM inward towards the bulla and can involve the cochlea, involves neuro and goes toward the brain
_____ ear has numerous holes in the cartilage which are transversed by the branches of the _____ _____ artery
external; caudal auricular artery
TM, tympanic cavity and bulla, auditory vesicles and tube=
Middle ear
Cochlea, vestibule (saccules), semi circular canals and hearing balance function=
inner ear
N epithelium will be pale with no vessels seen. T/F
False!! Will be light pink with superficial blood vessels and small amounts of cerumen (wax)
What is the most common rod seen in the ear?
Pseudomonas (GN rod)
Ear discharge is white and thick, what is it most likely?
Candida
Ear has exudate that is dark brown, waxy, ears are itchy and has fruity smell=
Yeast
Ear exudate is yellow, purulent, itchy=
Staph or strep spp.
What is the normal amount of bacteria and yeast to be found in the cytology for a normal dog ear?
Bacterial less than 4-5/HPR
Yeast less than 2/HPF
How much WBC is considered n to be found in ear?
NONEEEE, any amounts of WBC in ear cytology is NOT normal and strongly suggests that any bacteria seen are pathogen and NOT normal resident bacteria!!!!
What should we premed with 10-14 days prior to otoscopy?
Glucocorticoids
Collection of cytology specimen and samples for C&S via hole through TM that we made is called…
Myringotomy
Primary causes vs secondary causes of ear infection–>
Primary- creates disease in n ear (derm dz, allergies, ectoparasites, FB, immune dz, endocrine dz, viral (distemper))
Secondary- induce and contribute to otitis in an abn ear (bacteria, yeast, over cleaning the ear, drug rxns)
What are some predisposing factors of ear infections?
Present prior to development of ear dz (conformation, excessive moisture, proliferative growths, neoplasia)
What are some perpetuating factors of ear infections??
Exacerbate and maintains infection, hyperplasmic changers, otitis media, cartilage calcification, Tympanum rupture
TM rupture will have what kind of debris??
Mucopurulent
What does ototoxicity of applied drugs generally require?
Perforated TM, deposition of medication within the middle ear thus damaging the cochlear or vestibular membranes
What are the CS of ototoxicity??
Hear loss and vestibular signs
What are some ingredients causing ototoxicity???
Chlorhexidine, aminoglycosides, propylene glycol, alcohols, polymyxin
____ causes create diseases in the abnormal ear
secondary
What prevents resolution of disease (a factor)
Perpetuating factors
What is an aural hematoma by definition?
Fx of the cartilage plate of the pina causing hematoma formation within the layers of cartilage
When to do suture X after ear hematoma?
21 days
