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SAMS 2 exam 3 wound and skin stuff > Derm Allergies > Flashcards

Derm Allergies Flashcards

1
Q

define summation effect

A

summary of all factors that can contribute to pruritus, both allergenic and non-allergenic

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2
Q

What are some examples of non allergenic factors causing summation effect

A

bacterial pyoderma, Malassezia (yeast) dermatitis, Seborrhea sicca (dry skin)

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3
Q

What 3 things contribute to summation effect?

A

Atopic dermatitis, flea allergy, bacterial pyoderma

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4
Q

What is the pruritic threshold?

A

the point where pruritic stimuli exceeds the threshold for a particular animal

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5
Q

when pruritic load becomes greater than the pruritic threshold=

A

Pruritus

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6
Q

Summation of all allergens that come together to exceed pruritic threshold=

A

allergen load

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7
Q

A patient that is allergic to grass, house dust, and human dander experiences clinical pruritus only in summer. What is this an example of?

A

Allergen load

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8
Q

Flea allergy dermatitis is type ___ and ___ hypersensitivity

A

1 and IV

type 1 is IgE mediated Hypersens. and type 4 is cell-mediated- delayed hypersens.

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9
Q

Type __ sens explains why flea allergy can be neg on IDAT or serology tests

A

type IV

up to 30% of flea allergy dermatitis dogs may only have delayed rxns

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10
Q

what is the allergic component of flea allergy dermatitis

A

flea saliva of Ctenocephalides felis

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11
Q

location of lesions from flea allergy dermatitis (usually occurs in patients less than 5 years old)

A

Dogs- caudal half of body- ribcage and on back (waist dz) **dorsal LS region, inverted triangle shape*
Cats- same but also around neck and military dermatitis

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12
Q

Pyotraumatic dermatitis aka ____, usually occurs on dogs’ dorsal _____. Usually occurs with what in dogs and cats?

A

Hotspots- usually on dogs’ dorsal hips, often occurs with atopic dermatitis in dogs and cats

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13
Q

flea allergy dermatitis- clinical signs in CATS

A

combo of reaction patterns, miliary dermatitis, eosinophilic granuloma complex, symmetrical alopecia (flanks and abd, usually self induced, skin is non inflammed)

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14
Q

signs of flea allergy dermatitis but no fleas seen, can it still be FAD?

A

No fleas seen does NOT rule out FAD, esp. in cats

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15
Q

Treatment of flea allergy dermatitis-

A

avoidance of allergen, immunotherapy is NOT beneficial, initiate flea control in all dogs/cats, can be challenging, stop the itching, treat any secondary infections

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16
Q

With any kind of allergy, you need to see if there’s any infections and tx those as well as the primary issue. T/F

A

True!!

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17
Q

Flea allergy dermatitis treatment in cats vs dogs

A

Cats: flea control/preventatives, oral prednisone/prednisolone
Dogs: apoquel, cytopoint, address hotspots

18
Q

Canine atopic dermatitis

A

second most common allergy, genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with IgE

first most common is flea allergy

19
Q

non seasonal itchy dogs-

A

see if food allergies are a components, usually beef allergy in dogs
can be combo of food AND environment

20
Q

Canine atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial disease, results from interaction between ___ and ____, genetics play a role

A

host and environment

21
Q

Canine atopic dermatitis involves with immunologic alterations?

A 
Type 1 hypersens. 
TH2 lymphocytes (IgE, cytokine profile) 
Pruritogenic cytokines (IL-4, 5, 13, 31)
22
Q

Allergens are processed in skin by ______, with ___ being the most important

A

APC’s; epicutaneous

23
Q

Canine atopic dermatitis- age onset is __ months to ___ years

A

6 months to 7 years

24
Q

Canine atopic dermatitis pruritis location

A

feet, face, ventrum, extremities, medial antebrachial region and fold of elbow

25
Q

canine atopic dermatitis unique locations-

A

medial antebrachial region and fold of elbow

26
Q

Otitis externa-

A

infectious or allergic, seasonal or non-seasonal

27
Q

conjunctivits, rhinorrhea, urticaria, sneezing, pyotraumatic dermatitis (face, neck, trunk) are all CS that may be involved with what condition?

A

Atopic dermatitis

28
Q

Canine atopic dermatitis- secondary skin infections include:***

A

bacterial folliculitis/pyoderma, pododermatitis, staphylococcus pseudointermedius
Malassezia dermatitis and pododermatitis Malassezia pachydermatis

29
Q

What is the second most common dermatitis in dogs?

First is flea allergy!!!

A

Canine atopic dermatitis

30
Q

feline atopic dermatitis- increased numbers of APC’s and ______ in lesions of skin along with increased _____ cells

A

T-lymphocytes; mast cells

31
Q

Signalment of feline atopic dermatitis

A

Typically YOUNG cats, between 6 months and 2 yrs, pruritus is the most consistent CS, resulting in alopecia and some may have otitis externa

32
Q

where is the most common locations of feline atopic dermatitis?

A

Face or head and neck

33
Q

Allergen- Specific immunotherapy options in dogs and cats:

A
  • Requires ID of allergens (skin testing/serology)

* Only therapy that targets immune system to alter response to allergens and outcome of disease

34
Q

? is a non flea, non food hypersen.

A

Feline atopic dermatitis

35
Q

Secondary infections of atopic dermatitis are more common in cats or dogs**

A

Dogs

36
Q

It is okay to use cytopoint in cats if nothing else is available. T/F

A

False!!!

37
Q

What is the 3rd most common hypersen in dogs and cats?

A

Food allergy

38
Q

are serological tests reliable for food allergy diagnosis? What about saliva tests, hair pluck tests?

A

Nope; nope

39
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of food allergies?

A

Food elimination diet/trial with relief of CS and then fed again causes revamping of CS

40
Q

How long should a food elimination diet be?

A

Positive response in 6 weeks, more than 90% of dogs and cats reach max improvement by 8 weeks

41
Q

What diets should we use for food elimination trial?

A

Novel protein OR hydrolyzed diet (also use antipruritic meds as needed while starting food trials and hopefully can back off and even stop them)

42
Q

Type 1, 3, 4 hypersens=

A

food allergy hypersensitivity

SAMS 2 exam 3 wound and skin stuff (12 decks)

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