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Histology 2 > Other Reproductive System Structures > Flashcards

Other Reproductive System Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Uterine/Fallopian tubes or Oviducts

Movement

A

Moves so that opening is adjacent to site where follicle ruptures

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2
Q

What is this?

A

Ampulla of the uterine tube. Mucosa folded and lined by simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells. Surrounded by smooth muscle.

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3
Q

What is this?

A

Isthmus of the uterine tube. Lining epithelium is mostly secretory with few ciliated cells. Said to be 2 layers of smooth muscle in ampulla and 3 in isthmus - although they are not obvious here.

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4
Q

Uterus

Smooth muscle

A

Outer coat of 3 layers of smooth muscle, combined with collagen and elastic tissue (myometrium)

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5
Q

What is this?

A

Uterus

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6
Q

Endometrium

Stratum Functionalis

A

Undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss

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7
Q

Proliferative phase

Gland lining

A

Glands, stroma and vasculature grow and increase thickness of endometrium. Glands lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium - stroma proliferating due to oestrogen.

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8
Q

Secretory phase

Secretory epithelium

A

Glands become coiled with a corkscrew appearance and secrete glycogenBasal vacuoles in cytoplasm, later becoming supranuclear

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9
Q

Menstrual phase

A

Arterioles in functionalis undergo constriction, depriving the tissue of blood, with resultant tissue breakdown, bleeding and tissue sloughing

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10
Q

Cervix

A

Short cylinder which lumen projecting into upper vagina. Mostly connective tissue with stratified squamous epithelium on vaginal surface. This epithelium transitions to mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium.

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11
Q

Vagina Layers

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

A

During reproductive years this layer is thicker, and cells are enlarged due to glycogen accumulation

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12
Q

Vagina

Glands

A

No glands in the wall, but is lubricated by mucous from cervical glands and fluid from the thin walled blood vessels of the lamina propria

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13
Q

External Genitalia

Mons pubis

A

Skin with highly oblique hair follicles and substancial fat pad

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14
Q

External Genitalia

Labia Majora

A

Extensions of mons pubis, similar structure and rich in apocrine sweat/sebaceous glands

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15
Q

External Genitalia

Labia minora

A

Skin flaps lacking subcutaneous fat and hair follicles. Rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands secreting directly onto surface of skin. Keratinized epithelium extending into opening of vagina to the level of the hymen, where there is transition to non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

External Genitalia

Clitoris

A

Contains two tubes of erectile vascular tissue covered by fibrocollagenous sheath covered by skin with rich innervation and a thin epidermis

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17
Q

Non-Lactating Breast

Secretory tissue

Fibrous tissue

A

Made up of 15-25 lobes, each with a compound tubulo-acinar gland which drains via a series of ducts leading to the nipple

Adjacent to secretory lobules, surrounded by adipose tissue

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18
Q

What is this?

A

Mammary gland

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19
Q

Breast Duct System

Terminal ductules

A

Lead into an intralobular collecting duct which leads into the lactiferous duct for that lobe

20
Q

Structure of mammary gland

A
21
Q

Nipple

Covering

Core

A

Highly pigmented keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Dense irregular connective tissue mixed with bundles of smooth muscle

Several lactiferous sinuses can be seen in this picture

22
Q

Changes in the mammary gland

During menstrual cycle

A

Epithelial cells increase in height, lumina of ducts becomes enlarged and small amounts of secretions appear in the ducts

23
Q

Changes in the Mammary gland

First trimester

A

Elongation and branching of smaller ducts, combined with proliferation of the epithelial cells of the glands and the myoepithelial cells

24
Q

Changes in the Mammary gland

Second trimester

A

Glandular tissue continues to develop with differentiation of secretory alveoli. Also, plasma cells and lymphocyts infiltrate the nearby connective tissue

25
Q

Changes in the Mammary gland

Third trimester

A

Secretry alveoli continue to mature with development of extensive RER

26
Q

Non-lactating vs lactating breast

A
27
Q

Secretion

Apocrine secretion

A

Lipid droplets can be seen within these secreting cells. L1 just about to bud off, surrounded by membrane and carrying small amount of cytoplasm with it. L2 just been released - surrounding membrane.

28
Q

Secretion

Merocrine secretion

A

Proteins in milk made in RER, packaged and released in vesicles. These merge with apical membrane to release only their contents into the duct system. Small dark dots in lumen are stained milk proteins

29
Q

Accessory Glands (Male reproductive)

Bulbourethral glands

A

Contribute clear fluid that is released before ejaculation which lubricates the urethra

30
Q

Seminal Vesicles

What are they?

Duct from seminal vesicle

A

Sac with complex array of folds lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium, and with smooth muscle surrounding the folds.

Joins the vans deferens to form the ejaculatory duct, which goes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra

31
Q

Prostate gland

Capsule

A

Thin and fibromuscular

32
Q

Prostate gland

Fibromuscular septa

A

Form spaces lined by a heterogeneous secretory epithelium

33
Q

Prostate gland

Urethra/ejaculatory ducts

A

Lined by transitional epithelium and passes through fibrous stromal tissue at the centre of the gland.

34
Q

Prostate gland

Products

A

A watery fluid which makes up about a third of the ejaculate

35
Q

Prostate gland

Zones

A

Transition zone (TZ) around the urethra.

Central zone (CZ) posterior to TZ

Peripheral zone (PZ) lateral to the other two

36
Q

Penis

Skin

A

Has a richly vacularised subcutaneous layer with a fibrocollagenous capsule containing the three erectile columns - the two corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongosium which has the urethra running through it

37
Q

Penis

Spongosium

A

Contains more connective tissue than the cavernosa and so it has less erectile function which probably aids passage of semen through the urethra

38
Q

Penis

Penile urethra

A

Like the membranous urethra, the penile urethra is lined by stratified columnar epithelium, changing to non-keratinized stratified squamous near the tip of the penis

39
Q

Penis

Erectile tissue

A

Consists of blood sinuses supplied by helicine arteries which are spiral in shape. The veins draining the sinuses are just below the fibrocollagenous capsule. Parasympathetic stimulation leades ot dilation of the helicine arteries which causes the sinuses to become engorged with blood and press of these veins, restricting venous outflow

40
Q

Uterine/Fallopian tubes or Oviducts

Transport of ovum

A

Moved down tube by gentle peristalsis and currents created by ciliated epithelium

41
Q

Uterine/Fallopian tubes or Oviducts

Fertilization

A

Usually occurs in ampulla and ferlisied ovum transported to uterus for implantation

42
Q

Uterus

Muscosa

A

Inner secretory mucosa called the endometrium, much of which is shed during menstruation. Made up of tubular secretory glands embedded in connective tissue stroma.

43
Q

Endometrium

Stratum Basalis

A

Reserve tissue that regenerates the functionalis

44
Q

Vagina Layers

Fibromuscular layer

A

Inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle

45
Q

Vagina Layers

Adventitia

A

Adventitia

46
Q

Vagina Layers

Lamina propria

A

Connective tissue rich in elastic fibres and thin-walled blood vessels

47
Q

Breast Duct System

Lactiferus duct

A

Leads to the nipple, passing through an expanded duct region near the nupple termed the lactiferous sinus

Histology 2 (12 decks)

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