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Histology 2 > Lymphoid Tissue > Flashcards

Lymphoid Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Immunity

Innate immune system

A

Retains phagocytic system which can defend without memory

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2
Q

Innate immunity

Barriers against invasion

A

Skin, mucose, stomach acid, antibacterial agents etc

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3
Q

Adaptive Immunity

Reaction

A

Slower, but flexible and specific.

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4
Q

Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs

A

Where lymphocytes are produced and matured - bone marrow and thymus.

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5
Q

Lymphocyte types

B Lymphocytes

A

Produce antibodies

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6
Q

Lymphocyte development and fate

Produced

A

Stem cells in bone marrow

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7
Q

Thymus

Size changes

A

Increases from birth to puberty and then regresses to almost nothing

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8
Q

Thymus

A
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9
Q

T Cells in the Thymus

2% Surviving cortex

A

Enter medulla and presented with “self” antigens.

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10
Q

T Cells

A
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11
Q

Lymphatic System Provides for:

Drainage

A

Of lymph into vascular system

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12
Q

Lymph vessels

A
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13
Q

Lymph Nodes

What are they?

Found where?

A

Encapsulated, highly organised structures interposed along larger lymph vessels

Found in clusters in areas such as the neck, axillae and groin

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14
Q

What is this?

A

Lymph node

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15
Q

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary follicles

Paracortical region of a lymph node

A

Have germinal centre which stains less intensely.

Populated by T cells. Notice unual lining of high endothelial vessels (V) in this region

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16
Q

MALT

A

Represents a substantial amount of lymphoid tissue within the body

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17
Q

What is this?

A

Section throguh the palatine tonsil (MALT)

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18
Q

What is this?

A

Peyers patch. Aggregations of lympoid tissue found associated with the mucosa in the small intestine. Germinal centre in this case. (MALT/GALT)

19
Q

Spleen

Functions

A

Prodcues an immune response against blood-bourne antigens Removes particulate matter and old blood cellsProduces blood cells during foetal life.

20
Q

Spleen

White pulp

Red pulp

A

Made up of either T cells or B cells.

Mostly blood filled capillaries which are open, with discontinuous endothelium and sinuses.

21
Q

What is this?

A

Spleen

22
Q

Spleen

Alternative types of white pulp

A
23
Q

Red Pulp of the Spleen

A
24
Q

Vasculature of the Spleen

Red blood cells

A

Must leave through capillaries, passing through the parenchyma, finding their way back into venous sinuses through small spaces.

25
Q

Immunity

Adaptive immune system

A

Based on presence of trillions of lymphocytes

26
Q

Innate immunity

Phagocytes

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

27
Q

Innate immunity

Complement

A

Cascade of plasma proteins that forms an enzyme system defending against bacteria

28
Q

Innate immunity

Extracellular killers

A

Natural killer lymphocyes and eosinophils

29
Q

Adaptive Immunity

Major role

A

Destruction

30
Q

Adaptive Immunity

Autoimmune disease

A

Can be caused if the system fails to distinguish self from non-self.

31
Q

Lymphoid Organs

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

Sites where lymphocytes migrate to and aggregate in large numbers. Spleen, lymph nodes and lymph nodules found assiciated with epithelia in GI tract, respiratory tract and skin.

32
Q

Lymphocyte types

T Lymphocytes

A

Participate in cellular immunity and found in three types at least

33
Q

Lymphocyte types

Natural Killer cells

A

Kill virus infected cells and some tumour cells.

34
Q

Lymphocyte development and fate

B cells

A

Remain in marrow to continue development (most eliminated)

35
Q

Lymphocyte development and fate

T Cells

A

Migrate to thymus to be educated (most eiliminated)

36
Q

Lymphocyte development and fate

Fate

A

Secondary lymphoid organs, transferring between these via the bloodstream.

37
Q

Thymus

Lobes

A

Two lobes, each divided into lobules by septa. These septa have a lot of epithelial cells which is odd.

38
Q

T Cells in the Thymus

Any activated cells

A

Destroyed.

39
Q

T Cells in the Thymus

Successful cells

A

Enter blood vessels

40
Q

T Cells in the Thymus

Hassall’s corpuscles

A

Shown to be source of activation factors

41
Q

Lymphatic System Provides for:

Survaillence

A

Of tissue for signs of antigens from foreign invaders

42
Q

Lymphatic System Provides for:

Delivery

A
  1. Of absorbed fats from small intestine into vascular system via lymphatic vessels in villi of small intestine (lacteals)
43
Q

Vasculature of the Spleen

Old cells

A

Cannot deform and will lyse and be phagocytosed by macrophages associated with the wall of the sinuses

Histology 2 (12 decks)

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