Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

aBaSLM > other new stuff > Flashcards

other new stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Steric acid

A

May lower LDL
Increased endothelial cell dysfunctino
Colorectal cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lauric acid

A

Found in coconuts

Increased HDL and LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Palmitic

A

Most common
heart disease
Palm oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mystiric acid

A

Coconut and palm kernal oil, small amounts in nutmeg and palm oil
‘harmful’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benefits of fibre x 6

A

Constipation
Cholesterol
Colon cancer

Stablises blood sugar
Diabetes risk
Satiety and cravings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Average fibre intake daily for americans

A

18g

only 3% getting recommended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Micronutrients definition

A

chemical elements of substances that are essential for growth and health - include vitamins and minerals

Separate from non-nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Value of micronutrients

A

High in antioxidants - decrease oxidation and inflammation

Increase cell healthy - strength of immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carotenoids

A

Stimulate NK cells that fight foreign inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Processed meat is a known X carcinogen for XXX

A 
Group 1
Colon cancer
Stomach cancer
PAncreatic cancer
Prostate cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Red meat is known X carcinogen for XXX

A

Group 2A

Red meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 harmful fats

A

Trans
Oxidised - heat and rancidity
Solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Foods that cause inflammation

A

RM
Harmful fats (TF, oxidised, solid)
PM
Refined grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plant sterols and stanols

A

nuts and seeds, sprouts, avocado, wheat germ, brussel sprouts, soybeans, green peas - also vegetable oils but they are highly processed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Specific hyperlipid prescription

A 
Replace sat and trans with poly-unsat (omega 3s)
Increase fibre intake
Handful of nuts
Omega-3
Sterols and stanols
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Specific HTN prescription

A

Sat Fat
Caffeine
Alcohol
Salt

Increase:
Mg/K/Ca and garlic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Salt - biggest sources

A

75% are from processed foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Specific DM2 prescription

A

Fibre and low GI foods

SF/TF
Processed sugars and grains
High GI
Calories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Specific cancer prescription

A

Increase antioxidants
Increase fibre
Decrease inflammatory foods (unhelathy fats, PM and RM, processed grains, sat fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stepwise drop in DM

A 
NV 1
SV 0.72
PV 0.49
LOV 0.39
Veg 0.22
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Soy and nuts – LDL

Stanols – LDL

A

5%

and 10% redcution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AICA - the plate

A

2/3rds whole food at most 1/3rd meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

WHO salt intake

A

less than 5g = sodium <2g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fibre and DM

A

insoluble prevents

soluble controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

OSA - depresison, HTN, stroke, arrythmia - when you wake up your BP spikes

A

OSA - depresison, HTN, stroke, arrythmia - when you wake up your BP spikes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

3-5 year olds need 10-13 hours sleep

13-18 need 8-10 hours

A

3-5 year olds need 10-13 hours sleep

13-18 need 8-10 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Someone in their 20s sleeps __ than 70s

A

1.5 hours more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Nocturnal carb intake…

A

No differences in sleep patterns were observed in either gender, except in the percentage of stage 1 sleep, which was greater in men. Different correlations were observed between sleep and dietary variables according to gender. The correlation between dietary and sleep variables in men indicated a negative relationship between nocturnal fat intake and the sleep latency, including REM sleep. The percentage of nocturnal fat intake correlated with sleep efficiency, sleep latency, REM latency, stage 2 sleep, REM sleep, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) in women. The percentage of nocturnal caloric intake correlated with sleep latency and efficiency in women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Sugar and non-sugar carbs at night

A

more noctural arousals during sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

smokers 30-40% higher..

A

DM2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

exercise for mental health

A

helps depression, less evdience of anxiety

tai chi/quijong not that helpful for depression in the data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

After the AUDIT C what to do?

A

full AUDIT - then BI if not depedent, and BI + referral if dependent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q 
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Relapse
A

Pre - raise awareness
Con - resolve ambivilence, choose positive over current situation
Prep - strategy choose most appropriate for current situation
Act - Carry out plan
MAint - learn new skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

DM and ETOH

A

low drinking slightly beneficial

any drinking - increased cancer risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Smoking quit - not ready

A

personalised motivational messages best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Varencicline SE -

A

nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

nicotine and physiological effects?

and neurotransmitter effects?

A

increases BP, HR, RR

increases glutamate, GABA, DA and NA

38
Q

Nutrition labels

A

100 cals/serving is mod, 400 is high

39
Q 
P- Plantain + Potatoes
O - bambOO shoots ( had to creative!)
T - Turtle beans
A - Adzuki beans
S - Soybeans
S - Squash
I - LIma beans
U - nUts 
M - Mushrooms
A

h

40
Q

Inter stroke. Hopefully someday our passionate dialogue about lifestyle produces decent change

A

(hypertension, smoking, obesity, PA, DM, alcohol, Lipids, psychological stress, depression, cardiac causes)

41
Q

PHQ 2 sens and spec

A

Sensitivity: 80-90%
Specificity: 70-85%

42
Q

PHQ 2 sens and spec

A

Sensitivity: 80-90%
Specificity: 70-85%

43
Q

PHQ9 scores

A

Scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent cutpoints for mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression

44
Q

PHQ2 scoring

A

Scoring 0-3

0 = not at all 1 = some days 2 = >1/2 days 3 = nearly every day

45
Q

DSM anxiety

A

half days, 6 months
uncontrolled worrying and feeling on edge

\+ 3 of:
Restlessness
Easily fatigued
Difficulty concentrating
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance

AND significant impairment has occurred due to worry or physical symptoms
AND symptoms above are not substance misuse related OR secondary to other disorders (e.g. OCD, anorexia, PTSD)

46
Q

PHQ4 - whats is mild/mod

A

mild (3-5) to moderate (6-8) on the mixed depression and anxiety assessment may be managed with education or resources and should be re-screened at future visits

47
Q

Depression and CAD — acronym!

A

a) increased abnormal platelet adherence
b) Endothelial dysfunction
c) Lowered HRV
d) Worse adherence to lifestyle changes
HELP

48
Q

Exercise is comparable to what? in tx of depression

A

CBT

49
Q

TCA NNT

A

7-16

50
Q

MBSR helps with chronic disease alleviating (4)

A

inflammation
response to chronic pain
anxiety / depression
addiction

51
Q

3 domains of agility in doctors…

A

Focus - controlled to wandering
Awareness - low/narrow/specific to high/wide
Content - detail to big pic

52
Q

8 mindfulness states for doctors

A

Present awareness
Imagining

Thinking and evaluating

Flow (focus/absorption)

Collaboration
Mind wandering

Creative thinking
Strategic thinking

53
Q

ADHD lacks what?

A

effective inhibitiion

54
Q

DM and exercsie

A

combination of aerobic and resistance better than either alone

55
Q

Borg scale -

A 
9-10 somewhat light
11 fairly light
12-14 is moderate intensity/somewhat hard
15-16 hard
17-18 very hard
56
Q

Global RFs for morality top 4

A

HTN 13%
Smoking 9%
BM 6%
And then PI

57
Q

Commonest occ ca

A

lung

58
Q

Relapse goes too…

A

contemplation

59
Q

Depression an increased risk of…

A

cardiac stroke cancer diabetes

60
Q

Work stressors do what in women

A

cause diabetes mildy attuenuated by obesity and other helath behaviour adjustments

61
Q

PSQ which Qs are negative?

A

1,2, 3/6/9, 10

1 and 2, 9 and 10
multiple of 3

62
Q

Depression an increased risk of…

A

cardaic stroke cancer diabetes

63
Q

2.5% can multitask

A

tada

64
Q

beta cell death

A

CLOGD

cytokines
leptin
oxidative stress
glucotoxicity
dyslipidaemia
65
Q

deconditioning

A

more common than HTN or DM

66
Q

single episode of exercise and BM

A

insulin sensitivity improves

mental function improves

67
Q

PA and cancers from 2018 guidelines

‘especially’ chronic diseases

A

Breast, colon, oesophagus, prostate, endometrium, bladder, kidney, lung, stomach

HTN, DM2, OA

68
Q

strength training
stretching
balance

A

2-3 in adults, 2 in older, 2-3 in chronic disease
2-3 in all - more benefit in adults if done daily
3 or more in older adults

69
Q

Aerobics longitudinal study:

men/women

A 
CRF 16/17
Smoking 8/9
HTN 15/7
Cool 4/1
DM 4/1
Obesity 2/3
70
Q

non-vig PA and mort

A

2.5 hours 19% reduction, 7 hours 24%

71
Q

US cool guideliens

A

TC <200 (5.2)

Trigs <150

LDL <70 if have CAD (1.8)
<100 at risk of CAD or have DM (2.6)
<130 if no CAD

72
Q

Strating aerobic

A

Start at 15 minutes, 3-4 week, progress to 30 minutes

Improvement stage is 4-8 months
increasing intensity and duration until meeting guidelines

73
Q

Grandes -

A

young 7% increase meeting PAG

NNT overall 26

74
Q

PA and cancer prevention - requires 3-4 hours

A

in breast reduction is 20-30%, also reduces mortality/recurrence

75
Q

structured exercise in physical disability

A

improves function by 18% and improves SPPB

76
Q

ACSM obesity and PA guidelines

A

advises 250 minutes a week, 60-90 a day

NEAT can burn 350cals a day

77
Q

PA and weight

A

if overweight and PA = normal weight and PA

if obese and PA then same years of life lost as normal weight and didn’t exercise (4.5 and 4.7)

78
Q

Stress management and lifestyle

A

91% reduction in angina
44% increase in exercise capacity
24 days

79
Q

Fratteroli

A

10% fat, PA, stress management

12 weeks and 800 men 400 women

74% angina free, 9% reduced, similar to CABG studies -

80
Q

By 2050 100million will have DM2

A

5% of people have DM1 (with DM)

that’s 1/3rd of US pop

81
Q

How many prediabetics? and in the over 65s?

A

80 million
48.3% over 65
Based on 2015 data

82
Q

Total number worldwide DM

A

422m in 2014 and 18 in 1980

83
Q

Adiponectin

A 
DETTH
Depression
Endothelium
Trigs
TNF
Hippocampal growth
84
Q

NfKb increased by and decreased by

A

inflammation and free radicals
phytonutrients and antioxidants

VEGF, TNF, adhesion, cytokines, telomerase

85
Q

Heme iron

A

diets rich in heme iron increase DM2 and IR

86
Q

BMR =

A

0.9 * weight in KG * 24 hours

87
Q

1 MET =

A

3.5 VO2s

88
Q

5% animal protein

A

30% DM increase

89
Q

butyrate

A 
IS
glycolysis in liver
satiety
chol/trigs
mineral absorption
90
Q

WFPB reverses DM retinopathy

A

an has 71% adherence at 5 years (LHS) and 4 years (neuropathy study)

aBaSLM (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions