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Normal Anatomy > Other lessons needed for midterm > Flashcards

Other lessons needed for midterm Flashcards

1
Q

where is the liver located?

A
  • Right hypocondrium (RUQ)

- Extends to Epigastrium and into left hypocondrium

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2
Q

what is the superior border of the liver?

A

diaphragm

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3
Q

what are the posterior borders of the liver?

A

lumbar region of the posterior abdominal wall

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4
Q

what is the anterior border of the liver?

A

abdominal wall, Ribs

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5
Q

what is inferior to the liver?

A

Pancreas, Rt Kidney, duodenum, colon, GB, lesser curvature of Stomach

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6
Q

what is another name for the anterior aspect of the liver?

A

parietal

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7
Q

what is another name for the posterior aspect of the liver?

A

visceral

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8
Q

what are the 3 fissures of the liver?

A
  • Main Lobar Fissure (or Median)
  • Left Intersegmental Fissure
  • Right Intersegmental Fissure
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9
Q

what are the ligaments of the liver?

A
  • Falciform Ligament
  • Ligamentum Teres or Round Ligament
  • Ligamentum Venosum Ligament
  • Hepatoduodenal Ligament
  • Gastrohepatic Ligament
  • Coronary Ligament
  • Right and Left Triangular Ligaments

LOOK AT WHERE THESE ARE ON SLIDES

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10
Q

what are the ligaments used as sonographic landmarks?

A
  • falciform ligament
  • Ligamentum Teres ( Round ligament)
  • Ligamentum Venosum
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11
Q

where is the Hepatoduodenal Ligament?

A

Covers the porta hepatis entrance to the liver

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12
Q

where is the Gastrohepatic Ligament?

A

connects lesser stomach to liver

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13
Q

where is the coronary ligament?

A

connects posterior liver to diaphragm

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14
Q

where is the right and left triangular ligaments?

A

connects liver to body wall

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15
Q

where is the bare area?

A
  • Located in the Posterior Superior aspect of the Liver
  • Direct contact with Diaphragm
  • Only part of the liver not covered by Peritoneum
  • “Therefore if fluid is located here it is NOT Intraperitoneal”
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16
Q

what is intersegmental division?

A

Definite division between borders (hepatic veins)

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17
Q

what is intrasegmental division?

A

borders between unclear (portal veins) 1 exception to rule

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18
Q

what should the size of the liver be?

A
  • measuring posterior superior to anterior inferior tip
  • Midclavicular line for Right lobe range= 13 to 17 cm
  • Left lobe- variable
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19
Q

what is the echogenicity of the liver?

A
  • Slightly hyperechoic or isoechoic compared to renal cortex
  • Hypoechoic compared to the spleen
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20
Q

what is the echotexture of the liver?

A

Homogeneous and moderately echogenic throughout

21
Q

what is the contour of the liver?

A

smooth borders

22
Q

what are the scanning approaches to the liver?

A
  • Subcostal (means under ribs)

- Intercostal (between ribs)

23
Q

what are the patient positions when scanning the liver?

A

Supine

Left lateral decubitus

24
Q

what are the 4 lobes the liver is divided into?

A
  • Lt. Lobe
  • Rt. Lobe
  • Caudate Lobe
  • Quadrate lobe
25
Q

what roughly divides the liver into right and left lobes?

A

main lobar fissure

26
Q

what runs within the main lobar fissure?

A

middle hepatic vein and main portal vein

27
Q

what vessel can help us divide the liver?

28
Q

the left lobe is divided into?

A
  • lateral

- medial

29
Q

the right lobe is divided into?

A
  • anterior

- posterior

30
Q

what divides the superior aspect of the liver?

A

hepatic veins

31
Q

what divides the liver in the middle?

A

portal veins

32
Q

what does each of couinauds segments contain?

A
  • blood supply
  • lymphatics
  • biliary drainage
33
Q

LOOK AT NAMING CAUDINADS SEGMENTS

A

ON POWERPOINT AND IN NOTES

34
Q

What is the liver’s functions?

A

-Detoxifcation
-Metabolic Break down & remove old blood cells
-Secrete approx. ½ pint of bile per day
-Store several substances
-Production of important Plasma proteins &
hematopoiesis in fetal life

35
Q

what are the 3 cells that the liver produces?

A

Functioning Hepatocytes
Kupffer cells
Biliary Epithelial Cells

36
Q

what does the Functioning Hepatocytes do?

A

Detoxification

Form Bile – aides in digestion of fats

37
Q

what does the Kupffer cells do?

A

Also find in spleen
Immunity
Protect Hepatocytes

38
Q

what does the Biliary Epithelial Cells do?

A

Lines the biliary ducts

39
Q

liver has a low ____________ due to dual blood supply

A

incidence of infarction

40
Q

what does the portal system do?

A

Transports nutrients from intestines to liver

blood is filtered in the liver

41
Q

what are the hepatic veins?

A

accompany the portal veins

  • Very small compared to portals
  • Not well seen with ultrasound
  • 20 to 30 % of liver’s blood supply
  • Provide Oxygen to the Liver
42
Q

what are the ducts?

A
  • Carry Bile which helps in Digestion
  • Very small within the liver sometimes see along PV’s
  • Bile brought by these ducts to the duodenum to help digest Food
43
Q

what is apart of the portal triad?

A
  • Hepatic Arteries
  • Portal Veins
  • Ducts
44
Q

what is the part of the liver called where the portal triad enters?

A

porta hepatis

45
Q

what is the left (my left) ear of mickey?

46
Q

what is the body of mickey?

A

main portal vein

47
Q

what is the right (my right) ear of mickey?

48
Q

what are some normal variants of the liver?

A
  • reidels lobe (large right lobe)
  • distal papillary process of caudate lobe
  • elongated left lobe

Normal Anatomy (7 decks)

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