Midterm #2 Flashcards
are kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
retroperitoneal
where are the kidneys located?
RUQ and Right Hyperchondrium
which kidney sits more superior in the body?
left kidney because the right is pushed down by the liver
which muscle is considered the “kidney bed”
Quadratus Lumborum
what muscles lie posterior medial and posterior to the kidneys?
- Psoas
- QL
what are the external layers of the kidneys?
1 Renal Capsule (Tough fiberous capsule) 2 Perirenal Fat (Surrounds capsule) 3 Gerota’s Fascia (Anchor’s the kidney) 4 Pararenal Fat
what are alternate names of the renal capsule?
true capsule/fibrous capsule
what is an alternate word for perineohric fat?
adipose capsule/packing fat of Zukerkandl
what is another name for Fascia of Gerota?
perirenal fascia/perinephric fascia
what is another name for pararenal fat?
pararenal body
what are the 4 retroperitoneal spaces pertaining to the kidney?
- anterior pararenal space
- perirenal space
- retrorenal space
- Posterior pararenal space
Anterior Pararenal Space
Fat area between the posterior peritoneum and Gerota’s fascia
what other organs does the Anterior Pararenal Space contain?
- pancreas
- descending portion of the duodenum
- ascending and descending colon
- superior mesenteric vessels
- inferior portion of the common bile duct
Posterior Pararenal Space
Space between Gerota’s fascia and the posterior abdominal wall muscles
what does the Posterior Pararenal Space contain?
- iliopsoas and quadratus lumborum muscles
- the posterior abdominal wall
- contains fat and nerves.
Perirenal Space
Space separated from the pararenal space by Gerota’s fascia
what does the Perirenal Space contain?
kidneys and adrenal glands perinephric fat ureters renal vessels aorta and inferior vena cava lymph nodes
What is the purpose of these External layers specifically for Kidney’s?
Perirenal fat and Pararenal fat (layers 2 and 4) accommodate movement during respiration
what are the 2 areas the kidneys are divided into?
- Renal parenchyma
- central sinus
Renal Parenchyma
- cortex
- medulla
Central Sinus
- renal sinus
- renal hilum
Renal Cortex
Outer portion more superficial layer
Medulla
- Deeper layer of the Parenchyma
- folds into projections called renal pyramids
- Within medulla 8 to 18 cone shaped sections called renal pyramids
- Areas between the pyramids called the renal columns
Renal pyramids
- triangular structures composed of medullary substance
- Base of pyramid is toward the outer circumference of the kidney
- The apices (narrow tip) converge toward the renal sinus
- Renal Papilla at the apices