Other Issues Flashcards
**After age 5, and increasingly through adolescence, the primary cause of TBI is ______
vehicular accidents.
**Impairments with which a child is born are referred to as ______
congenital abnormalities
How prevalent are the severe exceptionalities?
less than 1% of the population
Define TBI
injury to the brain caused by external force
What are the 2 categories of injury that result in TBI?
1) open head injurers
2) close head injuries
How prevalent are TBIs?
250:100, 000
Who is most prone to TBIs?
Males
What percentage of TBIs are moderate to severe?
16%
What is the most common cause of TBIs for young children
Accidental falls
Define Deaf-Blindness
individuals with comorbid hearing and visual impairments
What are some of the causes of Deaf-Blindness?
- genetic (Ushers syndrome, CHARGE syndrome)
- prenatal conditions (rubella)
- postnatal conditions (meningitis and TBI)
How prevalent is Usher Syndrome?
400, 000 people worldwide
Describe self-stimulation
any repetitive, stereotyped behaviour that seems to have no immediate apparent purpose other than providing sensory stimulation
What is emphasized most heavily in plans for exceptional learners as they transition to adulthood?
Self-determination/person-centred planning
Describe physical disabilities
physical limitations or health impairments that interfere with school attendance or learning
Describe motorneuron impairments
damage to the CNS
Describe CP
Cerebral Palsy; a condition characterized by lack of coordination, paralysis, weakness or other motor dysfunctions
What causes CP?
damage to the child’s brain before it has matured
What are the educational implications associated with CP?
Full range of intelligence
- lower on average
What are the 2 ways motor disabilities are classified?
1) By extremities (limbs) involved (I.e., quadriplegia, paraplegia)
2) by movement types (i.e., spasticity, atonic)
Define spasticity
refers to the stiffness or tenseness of muscles and inaccurate voluntary movements
What is a seizure?
the result of an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in the brain
- can be caused by almost any brain damages
People with epilepsy have _____ seizures
Recurrent
Define spina bifida
a congenital midline defect due to incomplete closure of bony spinal column during fetal development (one type of neural tube defect)
What do children with Spina Bifida experience in regards to educational considerations.
- often have average intelligence
- increased risk of learning disabilities
What is muscular dystrophy?
a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibres
What educational considerations must be made in regards to people with muscular dystrophy?
mobility issues
What are some causes of psychical disabilities?
- unsafe situations (accidents)
- unhealthy behaviours (substance use)
- low birth weight
- premature birth
- child abuse
