Other general Q's 3

Question 1

What is Facultative Intracellular Microorganism

Answer 1

• Infectious agents are able to replicate inside and outside cells
• Can resist both digestion by Phagocytes and destruction by the complement system

Question 2

Where can Salmonella be found?

Answer 2

• Water
• Soil
• Animal feeds
• Raw meat
• Offal
• Vegetable material

Question 3

Transmission and Infection of Salmonella

Answer 3

• Transmission = Faecal-Oral route
• Infection = Mucous Membranes of conjunctivae or upper respiratory tract

Salmonella need to colonise the Intestine to initiate Enteric Disease

Question 4

Invasice strains of Salmonella

Answer 4

• Penetrate the **blood **stream (Septicaemia) and different Organs (cause abortion)
• Able to multiply within the macrophages and produce Siderophores
  -Removes Iron from Iron-binding Proteins of the host

Question 5

What are the two Salmonella species?

Answer 5

• Salmonella Enterica
• Salmonella Bongori

Question 6

Salmonella Enterica is divided into … Subspecies according to….

Answer 6

• 6 Subspecies
• *I S. Enterica subsp. **Enterica **(Mammals)
• II ——————— Salamae
• IIIa —————— Arizonae
• IIIb —————— Diarizonae
• IV ——————– Houtenae
• VI ——————– Indica*
• According to Biochemical Properties

Question 7

S. Enterica subsp. Enterica contains …. Serotypes

Answer 7

• More than** 2600 **serotypes
• Divided according to Antigenic Properties into 50 O-antigenic groups, based on the presence of H antigens the Serotypes are determined and divided based on Level of adaptation to the Host!!
• Each serotype has its own name!!!

Question 8

Division of Salmonella Serotypes (3)

Answer 8

Based on level of adaptation to the Host
1. Salmonellae adapted to Man
2. Salmonellae adapted to certain Animal Species
3. Non-adaptive Serotype

Question 9

Salmonellae adapted to Man

Answer 9

• S. Typhi
• S. Paratyphi

Question 10

Salmonellae adapted to certain Animal Species

Answer 10

Causes Primary Host-Specific Salmonellosis
* S. Dublin
* S. Choleraesuis
* S. Pullorum
* S. Gallinarum
* S. Abortusovis
* S. Abortusequi

Question 11

Non-adapted Salmonellae Serotypes

Answer 11

Cause Secondary Non-Host specific Salmonellosis in Mammals, Birds, Poikilothermic animals
* S. Typhimurium
* S. Enteritidis
- Very high risk of Toxicoinfectoin for humans