Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

POD Exam #2 > Other (Drugs not in family) > Flashcards

Other (Drugs not in family) Flashcards

1
Q

Aztreonam Mechanism of Action

A

Binds PBP, inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aztreonam: Spectrum of Activity

A

Gram - (up to SPACE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F Aztreonam has antimicrobial activity against gram + and anaerobes

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When is aztreonam a good drug to use?

A

Penicillin anaphylactic patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 2 drugs should you always check peak and trough levels

A
  • Aminoglycosides

- Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vancomycin Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibits peptidoglycan formation by binding D-ala-D-ala portions of precursor molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F Vancomycin does NOT show PAE (post antibiotic effect)

A

False it does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vancomycin: Spectrum of Activity

A

Gram + only

*Think MRSA or penicillin allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F Vancomycin covers most enterococcal species

A

True, except the VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the usage of the oral form of vancomycin

A

C. diff infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vancomycin, CNS activity

A

Only during inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 most common symptoms of vancomycin usage

A
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Red-man Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Red-man Syndrome

A

Histamine-like reaction that generally begins after rapid vancomycin administration, causes facial flushing and rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name of medication that is used to treat superficial, topical MRSA

A

Mupirocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drug combination that makes up Synercid

A

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Synercid Mechanism of Action

A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis

- Both components irreversibly bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How should synercid be administered

A
  • PICC/Central line

- Infusion sites with IV can cause thrombophlebitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Synercid: Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Really resistant Gram + organisms
  • Possible PIDDLY
  • Possible Anaerobes
  • Should only be used in patients who cannot tolerate Vancomycin with MRSA infection
  • Treatment of VRE Faecium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Linezolid Mechanism of Action

A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis

- Binds to the 23S subunit (of the 50S ribosomal subunit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Linezolid: Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Really resistant Gram + organisms

* Treatment of VRE Faecalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 major adverse effects associated with Linezolid

A
  • Thrombocytopenia (long term use)

- Serotonin Storm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Linezolid associated with serotonin syndrome

A

Weak MAO inhibitor. Watch giving to patients on SSRI (anti-depressants). Can cause large increase in serotonin in the synaptic cleft leading to hyperthermia and clonic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Colistin Mechanism of Action

A
  • Detergent-like effect that disrupts cell membrane integrity
  • Leakage of cellular components and eventual cell death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Colistin: Spectrum of Activity

A

Gram - (up to SPACE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When should colistin be used

A

Last ditch efforts against resistant gram - organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

2 common, adverse reactions associated with colistin use

A
  • Neurotoxicity

- Nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Fosfomycin Mechanism of Action

A

-Inhibit cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidoglycan synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Fosfomycin: Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Gram +

- Gram - (up to SPACE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Fosfomycin main usage

A

-Resistant UTI treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tigecycline Mechanism of Action

A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis

- Binds the 30S ribosomal subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Tigecycline: Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Gram +
  • Limited Gram -
  • Covers VRE, CRE (carbapenem resistant enterobacteria) and Acinetobacter
  • Anaerobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

T/F Tigecycline can be used to treat pseudomonas, PIDDLY, and PEK bugs

A

False, limited gram negative coverage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Tigecycline main usage

A

Complicated:

  • Skin infection
  • Intra-abdominal infection
  • Community acquired pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

T/F Tigecycline does NOT treat bacteremia

A

True, does not obtain high serum concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Daptomycin Mechanism of Action

A

Lipopeptide that disrupts cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Daptomycin: Spectrum of Activity

A

-Gram +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Daptomycin main usage

A

MRSA or VRE

  • Skin infection
  • Bacteremia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Daptomycin and treatment of pneumonia

A

None, it is inactivated by lung surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

2 most common adverse effects with daptomycin usage

A
  • Rhabdomyolysis

- Eosinophilic pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What 2 drugs/drug class have limited use to treat pulmonary infections

A
  • Aminoglycosides

- Daptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Telavancin Mechanism of Action

A

Semi-synthetic derivative of Vancomycin, so same mechanism of action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Telavancin: Spectrum of Activity

A

-Gram +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Telavancin main use

A

Skin and soft tissue infections caused by MRSA, strep, or enterococcus

44
Q

3 common side effects associated with telavancin use

A
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Red-man syndrome
  • QT prolongation
45
Q

Sulfonamide Mechanism of Action

A
  • PABA analog

- Disrupts folic acid synthesis

46
Q

Sulfonamide: Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Gram +
  • Gram - (up to SPACE)
  • Chlamydia
47
Q

Main use for sulfonamides

A

Uncomplicated UTI

48
Q

3 main side effects of sulfonamide usage

A
  • Steven-Johnson Syndrome
  • Kernicterus
  • Nephrotoxicity
49
Q

Steven-Johnson Syndrome

A

Life threatening skin reaction where the dermis and epidermis separate. Thought to be caused by a hypersensitivity reaction.

50
Q

Kernicterus

A

Increased level of fetal bilirubin caused by drugs that compete for bilirubin binding sites

51
Q

T/F sulfonamides can be given in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy

A

HELL NO, kernicterus

52
Q

Trimethoprim Mechanism of Action

A
  • Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

- Disrupts tetrahydrofolic acid synthesis

53
Q

Main use for trimethoprim alone

A

UTI prophylaxis

54
Q

What combination of drugs makes up Bactrim

A

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

55
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole combination is better than each drug alone, why

A

Synergistic affect making 2 bacteriostatic agents bactericidal

56
Q

Main uses of Bactrim

A
  • UTI
  • Pneumonia
  • Acute otitis media
  • Acute sinusitis
57
Q

T/F use of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (bacterim) should be limited in warfarin patients

A

True, potentiates the anticoagulant effect

58
Q

Nitrofurantoin Mechanism of Action

A

Unknown

59
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Gram +
  • Gram - (up to SPACE)
  • Covers MRSA
60
Q

Only known use of nitrofurantoin

A

Acute uncomplicated UTI, serum levels are insignificant to treat any other body system

61
Q

Methenamine Mechanism of Action

A

Must reach the urine to be hydrolyzed to formaldehyde, which kills virtually all bacteria

62
Q

Only known use of methenamine

A

UTI prophylaxis

63
Q

T/F Methenamine can be used to treat acute UTI

A

False

64
Q

Clindamycin Mechanism of Action

A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis

- Binds 50S ribosomal subunit

65
Q

Clindamycin: Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Gram +

- Anaerobes

66
Q

Main side effect clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. Diff

67
Q

Chloramphenicol Mechanism of Action

A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis

- Binds 50S ribosomal subunit

68
Q

T/F Chloramphenicol can be used to treat CNS infections

A

True, excellent CNS concentrations

69
Q

Chloramphenicol: Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Gram +
  • Gram -
  • Anaerobes
  • Chlamydia
70
Q

2 major adverse reactions with chloramphenicol use

A
  • Idiosyncratic Aplastic Anemia

- Grey Baby Syndrome

71
Q

Idiosyncratic Aplastic Anemia

A

Basically shuts down production of all cell lines. No test to determine who is susceptible to developing this. IRREVERSIBLE!!!

72
Q

Grey Baby Syndrome

A

Neonates have trouble eliminating this drug, which causes circulatory collapse

73
Q

Main use of chloramphenicol

A

Bacterial Meningitis

74
Q

Fanconi-like syndrome

A
  • N/V leading to hypokalemia
  • Generally seen with use of outdated tetracyclines
  • Most drugs can be taken LONG after expiration date
75
Q

What tetracycline is commonly used to combat SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)

A

Demeclocycline

*Causes sodium retention and there for increase fluid load

76
Q

Tetracycline Mechanism of Action

A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis

- Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit

77
Q

What 2 tetracyclines have the most bioavailibity and therefore the most commonly prescribed ones

A
  • Doxcycline

- Minocycline

78
Q

Common side effects associated with tetracycline use

A
  • Discoloration of teeth

- Fanconi-like syndrome

79
Q

Tetracycline: Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Gram +
  • Gram - (up to PIDDLY)
  • Atypicals
  • Rickettsia
80
Q

What medication combination is used to treat Brucellosis

A

Tetracycline + Gentamicin

81
Q

T/F Tetracyclines can be used to treat cholera

A

True

82
Q

T/F Tetracyclines can NOT be used to treat Lyme disease

A

False

83
Q

2 caveats with using tetracyclines

A
  • NO in pregnancy

- NO in young kids

84
Q

Penicillins that cover pseudomonas

A

Pipercillin/Ticarcillin

85
Q

Penicillins that cover Staph. Aureus

A
  • Dicloxacillin
  • Nafcillin
  • Oxacillin
  • Methicillin
  • Any penicillin added to a beta-lactamase inhibitor
86
Q

What bacteria commonly cause cellulitis (2)

A
  • Stapylococcus

- Streptococcus

87
Q

Penicillin used to treat cellulitis (non-diabetic individual)

A
  • Dicloxacillin
  • Nafcillin
  • Oxacillin
  • Methicillin
88
Q

Penicillin used to treat cellulitis (diabetic individual)

A
  • UNASYN

- AUGMENTIN

89
Q

What bacteria commonly community acquired pneumonia (3)

A
  • Steptococcus
  • Haemophilus
  • Morexella
90
Q

Macrolide used to treat community acquired pneumonia

A

Strep pneumonae = Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin

Haemophilus/Morexella = Clarithromycin or Azithromycin

91
Q

Can daptomycin be used to treat community acquired pneumonia?

A

No, it is inactivated by lung surfactant

92
Q

Why can’t aminoglycosides be used to treat community acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus

A

They only cover gram - bacteria

93
Q

Can vancomycin be used to treat community acquired pneumonia?

A

Only if the causative agent is Staph or Strep

94
Q

What bacteria commonly cause otitis media (3)

A
  • Streptococcus
  • Haemophilus
  • Morexella
95
Q

What macrolide should be used to treat otitis media and why

A

Azithromycin because it has less side effects when compared to the other 2

96
Q

What bacteria commonly cause UTI (2)

A
  • E.Coli

- Staph saprophyticus

97
Q

Penicillin to treat UTI caused by E.coli

A

Ampicillin/Amoxicillin

98
Q

What penicillin was used solely to treat UTIs but is now off the market

A

Carbenicillin

99
Q

Penicillin to treat UTI caused by Staph

A
  • Dicloxacillin
  • Nafcillin
  • Oxacillin
  • Methicillin
  • Any penicillin with beta-lactamase inhibitor
100
Q

When should fosfamycin be used to treat UTI?

A

When dealing with a multi-drug resistant organism

101
Q

What bacteria commonly cause COPD exacerbation (3)

A
  • Streptococcus
  • Haemophilus
  • Morexella
102
Q

Macrolide to treat COPD exacerbation if the patient is on theophylline and warfarin

A

Azithromycin, less drug interactions that the other 2 in this class

103
Q

Erythromycin or Azithromycin: IV formulation

A

Azithromycin, Erythromycin causes thrombophlebitis

104
Q

T/F macrolide can be given orally

A

True

*Except in pregnant patient do not give erythromycin estolate

105
Q

Fluoroquinolone or Aminoglycoside: Double cover pseudomonas pneumonia infection in patient who is dehydrated and already on Zosyn

A

Fluoroquinolone, less toxic to the kidney when compared to aminoglycosides
*Can cause QT prolongation however

106
Q

What 3 drug/drug classes have an adverse effect of QT prolongation

A
  • Telavancin
  • Quinolones
  • Macrolides
107
Q

Common side effect with long term nitrofurantoin use

A

Pulmonary infiltrates (kind of odd because serum levels are never high). Long term use is associated with UTI prophylaxis

POD Exam #2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions