other blood group 2 Flashcards
1
Q
what is almost undetectable in infant?
A
Anti-I
2
Q
At what month the quantity of “i”
slowly decreases?
A
18 months
3
Q
expressed in a reciprocal relationship that is developmentally regulated
A
I and i antigens
4
Q
individuals who do not change their “i” status after birth
A
Rare i adult or negative phenotype
5
Q
Common autoantibody that can be benign or
pathologic.
A
Anti-I
6
Q
Found in serum of normal individual.
A
Benign Anti-I
7
Q
Potent IgM agglutinins, reacting up to 30°C or 32°C
A
Pathologic Anti-I
8
Q
Demonstrates strong reactions with adult cells and weak reactions with cord cells.
A
Anti-I
9
Q
Not associated with HDN
A
Anti-I
9
Q
Weak, naturally occurring saline reactive IgM agglutin that reacts at 4C.
A
Pathologic Anti-I
9
Q
causes interfering factors when performing reverse typing
A
Benign Anti-I
10
Q
Not associated with in vivo red cell destruction
A
Benign Anti-I
11
Q
Pathologic Anti-I is associated with what diseases?
A
o Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD)
o Cold Hemagglutinin Disease (CHD)
o Primary Atypical Pneumonia (PAP)
12
Q
Pathologic Anti-I attach in vivo and causes
A
autoagglutination and vascular occlusion or intravascular hemolysis
13
Q
This patient has walking pneumonia or Mycoplasma pneumonia
A
Autoanti-I
14
Q
Immunoglobulin nature of Anti-I
A
IgM
15
Q
Anti-I and autoanti-I are seen in
A
Infectious mononucleosis
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Myeloid Leukemia
Reticuloses
16
Q
Production of autoanti-I is also associated with
A
infectious mononucleosis (IM) (caused by EBV),
reticuloses, myeloid leukemias and alcoholic cirrhosis
17
Q
This bacteria is reported from a patient with
cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia to absorb anti- I and stimulate its production in rabbits
A
Listeria monocytogenes
17
Q
It was identified in 1946
A
Anti-K (Anti capital K)
18
Q
Who described anti-k and in what year it was?
A
Levine et al ; 1949
19
Q
It was discovered in 1957 and 1958
A
discovery of the antithetical antigens Kpa and Kpb
20
Q
Who discovered discovered Jsa
A
Giblett
21
Q
Who discovered Jsb
A
Walker et al
22
discovered K0
null phenotype
23
In 1961, Allen et al described
McLeod phenotype
24
rare phenotype of kell blood group system
McLeod phenotype
25
Second most immunogenic
K antigen
26
The K antigen can be detected on fetal RBCs
10 weeks
27
Antigens that are well developed at birth:
- Kell
- MNSs
- Duffy
- Kidd
28
The k antigen can be detected on fetal RBCs
7 weeks
29
These enzymes can destroy K antigen when used in combination.
trypsin and chymotrypsin
30
K
k
Kpa
Kpb
Jsa
Jsb
- Kell
- Cellano
- Penney
- Rautenberg
- Sutter
- Matthews
31
considered as the most common antibody seen in blood bank.
Anti- K
32
Anti- K is associated in
Severe hemolytic transfusion reaction
severe hemolytic disease of the newborn
33
Kx is present on all RBCs except
rare McLeod phenotype.
34
Anti-k phases in crossmatching
- Immediate spin
- 37 C phase
- AHG phase/Coomb's phase
35
Kx Antigen genes are located on what chromosome
X chromosome
36
It has an inverse relationship with K antigen.
Kx antigen
37
It is called McLeod because of
donor
38
weak expression of k, Kpb and Jsb is detectable by
adsorption-elution methods
39
McLeod phenotype also appears in
Kell null
40
Example of adsorption elution methods
washing of red cell
41
Abnormal red cell morphology seen in McLeod phenotype
Acanthocytes
42
Patient with Mcleod phenotype have a
chronic but well compensated hemolytic
anemia characterized by
reticulocytosis, bilirubinemia, splenomegaly and reduced serum haptoglobin levels.
43
McLeod phenotype is associated with
X-Linked CGD - (Chronic
Granulomatous Disease)
44
characterized by the inability of the phagocytes to make NADH oxidase, an enzyme important in generating H2O2, which is used to kill ingested bacteria.
X-Linked CGD (Chronic Granulomatous Disease)
45
coagulation disorder wherein the blood that used in transfusion is anti-hemophilic factor or cryoprecipitated AHF
hemophiliac
46
Fy(a–b–) RBCs resist infection in vitro by the monkey malaria organism
Plasmodium knowlesi
plasmodium vivax
47
a marker for African black race
Fy(a-b-)
48
Destroyed by common proteolytic enzymes
Fya and Fyb
49
Usually IgG and react best at the antiglobulin phase
Anti-Fya & Anti-Fyb
50
Anti-Fya & Anti-Fyb is enhanced using what enhancement medium
low ionic strength medium
22% Bovine albumin
and PEG
51
Discovered in the serum of a pregnant patient whose infant had HDN.
KIDD BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM
52
Null phenotype of kidd blood group system
Jk (a- b-)
52
Associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions,
although hemolysis is not often severe
Anti-Fya & Anti-Fyb
53
Do not react with enzyme-treated red cells
Anti-Fya & Anti-Fyb
54
antithetical antibody of kidd blood group system
Anti-Jka and Anti-Jkb
55
antithetical antigens of kell blood group system
K antigen and k antigen
56
Jka can be detected on fetal RBCs
11 weeks
57
These are not very immunogenic
Jka and Jkb Antigens
58
Jka and Jkb Antigens are enhanced by the use of
proteolytic enzyme
59
Have notorious reputation in the blood bank
Anti-Jka and Anti-Jkb
60
anti-Jka and anti-Jkb
react more strongly
with RBCs that carry
double dose of the
respective antigen
61
anti-Jka and anti-Jkb may not react with
Jk (a+b+) RBCs
62
Anti-Jka and Anti-Jkb is enhanced by
LISS or PEG
63
drugs that cause DIHA
methyldopa
Chlorpropamide dependent
64
Associated with severe HDN & delayed type of HTR
Anti-Jka and Anti-Jkb
65
First recognized antibody was
discovered in the serum of a patient with Lupus Erythematosus
anti-Lua
66
antithetical antigen of lutheran blood group system
Lua and Lub
67
Crawford et al discovered the first
Lu (a-b-) phenotype.
68
major blood group system in blood banking
ABO, Rh, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, MNSs, P, Lewis, and
Lutheran
69
poorly developed at birth and do not reach adult levels until age 15 years
Lua and Lub Antigens
70
Lua and Lub Antigens can be detected on fetal RBCs
10-12 weeks
71
Anti-Lua ig in nature
IgG
IgA
IgM
72
associated with mild cases of HDN
Anti-Lua
Anti-Lub
73
Diego system is composed of two sets of
independent pairs of antithetical antigens
Dia/Dib and Wra/Wrb
74
useful tool in anthropologic studies
of Mongolian ancestry
Dia antigen
75
located on the anion exchange
protein (AE-1)
Dia and Dib
76
The gene is located on the Short arm of the X
chromosome.
Xga antigen
77
phenotype of Xg blood group system is expressed in
Xg(a+) or Xg(a-)
78
does not appear to be a good immunogen.
xga
79
blood group system that has x-linked system
- Xga antigen
- kx antigen
- McLeod phenotype
80
antithetical antigens of Scianna blood group system
Sc1 and Sc2
Sc3 and Radin
(Rd) antigen
81
The Scianna antigens are shown to be expressed by
the RBC adhesion protein
ERMAP (Erythroblast membrane Associated protein)
82
The null phenotype in the Dombrock system
demonstrates an absence of
Doa, Dob, Gya, Hy, and Joa antigens.
83
This is where antigen resides that anchors them to the RBC membrane.
glycosylphosphatidylinositol
(GPI)-linked glycoprotein
84
deficient in dombrock, cromer, and john milton hagen
- GPI
- CD55
- CDw108
85
Associated with PNH
o Dombrock
o Cromer
o JMH (JOHN MILTON HAGEN)
86
Associated in Cromer null phenotype
DOMBROCK BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM
87
Coa, Cob, and Co3 located
Aquaporin-1
(AQP1)
88
Nine antigens of chido/rodgers
6 chido antigens
2 rodgers
WH antigen
89
described as high-incidence antigens in chido/rodgers
CH1, CH2, CH3, RG1, and RG2
90
Antibody reactions of chido/rodgers
- transfusion of plasma
- transfusion of platelets
91
Null CH and RG phenotypes seen in patient with
C4 deletion
92
autoimmune diseases associated with chido/rodgers
systemic lupus erythematosus,
Graves’ disease,
and rheumatoid arthritis
93
Expressed on RBC membrane sialoglycoproteins
glycophorins C (GPC) and/or glycophorin D (GPD)
gerbich blood group system
94
associated with the RBC
membrane band 4.1, which is integral for
maintaining normal erythrocyte skeleton and
shape.
GPC and GPD
95
Null phenotypes of cromer blood group system
Inab(-)”
96
Composed of eight antigens.
knops blood group system
97
antithetical antigens of indian blood group system
- Ina
- Inb
98
antithetical antigen that is low-incidence antigen
Ina
99
antithetical antigen that is high-incidence antigen
Inb
100
depressed expression of Inb
in individual presenting with
Lu (a-b-) phenotype
101
colton blood group system resides or located on
Aquaporin 1 (AQP1)
102
The IN antigens are found in the
CD44 glycoprotein
103
Blood Group System That Exhibits Dosage in
Serological Reactions
Rh (except D antigen)
Kidd
Duffy
MNSs
104
Effect of Antigen-Antibody Reactions to
Proteolytic Enzymes
Enhanced:
Inactivated:
Not affected:
Enhanced:
Kidd
Lewis
P1
I
ABO
Inactivated:
Duffy
MNSs
Xga
Not affected:
Kell
105
Phenotype that resists infection in vitro by the monkey malaria organism
Fy(a-b-)
106
Phenotype that resists infection in vitro by the monkey malaria organism
Fy(a-b-)
107
What kidd phenotype are most common in Asian
Jk (a+b+)
108
Rare phenotype of lutheran
Lu(a-b-)
109
Lutheran phenotype associated with indian bgs
Lu (a-b-)
110
Mutation in AE1 can result in
Hereditary spherocytosis
Congenital acanthocytosis
Southeast asian ovalocytosis
111
What are the familial bgs
Kell
Duffy
Lutheran
Lewis
Diego
112
What are the familial bgs
Kell
Duffy
Lutheran
Lewis
Diego
113
Chido/rodgers resides on
C4 complement component
114
Not an integral red cell membrane
Chido/rodgers bgs
