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Other bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Zoonoses mnemonic

A

Bruce the cow - Brucella - contaminated dairy
Francis the rabbit - Francisella - ticks in rabbit
Yeye the rat - Yersinia - bubonic plague
Papa the cat - Pasteurella - cat bite

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2
Q

Cause of undulating fever?

A

Brucella abortus

UNpasteurized milk = UNdulating fever

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3
Q

DOC for brucellosis

A

Doxycycline

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4
Q

Tick that acts as vector for transmission of tularemia?

A

Dermacentor

Francisella tularensis

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5
Q

DOC for tularemia?

A

Streptomycin or Gentamicin

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6
Q

Most virulent bacteria from rodents that cause buboes (LN in groin)?

A

Yersinia pestis

Bubonic plague

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7
Q

DOC for bubonic plague

A

Streptomycin

Tetracycline

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8
Q

Zoonoses from cat or dog bite?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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9
Q

Characteristic colonies of Pasteurella?

A

Buttery colonies with musty odor
(indole production)
“Pasteurized butter”

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10
Q

DOC for Pasteurella?

A

Penicillin G

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11
Q

Stain for Mycobacteria because of its increased lipid content? (Mycolic acid)

A

Acid fast
Ziehl Neelsen - Heat (Zizzling)
Kinyoun - Cold

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12
Q

Special culture medium for Mycobacteria?

A

Lowenstein Jensen agar

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13
Q

Most important virulence factor of Mycobacteria that cause weight loss and prevent leukocyte migration?

A

Cord factor

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14
Q

Virulence factor that provides phagolysosomal fusion similar to Chediak Higashi and Legionella?

A

Sulfatides

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15
Q

Necrosis in Mycobacteria?

A

Caseous necrosis

Cheesy granular necrosis of the lung

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16
Q

What is a positive PPD?

A

> 5mm induration in HIV AIDS and Old TB
10mm if high risk
15mm if low risk

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17
Q

Type of sensitivity by PPD?

A

Type IV

Delayed hypersensitivity

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18
Q

False positive PPD caused by?

A

BCG vaccine

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19
Q

What areas of the lung are affected by Mycobacteria?

A

Middle and lower lung zones

Highest airflow

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20
Q

Ghon focus vs Ghon’s complex

A

Ghon focus is a subpleural granuloma (calcified in middle and lower lung lobes)
Ghon’s complex is focus + perihilar lymphadenopathy

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21
Q

Radiologically detected finding in primary complex?

A

Ranke’s complex

calcifications

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22
Q

Reactivation TB usually form in the apices because?

A

Highest oxygen tension

Simon’s focus

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23
Q

Reactivation can be accompanied by secondary colonization by?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

Fungus ball

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24
Q

This Mycobacteria causes pulmonary diseases in immunocompromised hosts (AIDS, CD4<50)

A

Mycobacteria avium intracellulare

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25
Q

DOC for MAC?

A

Azithromycin

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26
Q

Leprosy bacteria are cultured where?

A

Mouse footpad or armadillo
Cannot be cultured in vitro
Must be cultured in vivo

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27
Q

Most severe form of leprosy?

A

Lepromatous leprosy

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28
Q

Characteristic facial skin lesion of lepromatous leprosy?

A

Leonine facies - thickened skin

Saddlenose deformity - nasal cartilage eaten up

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29
Q

Type of neuropathy in lepromatous leprosy?

A

Glove and stocking distribution

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30
Q

Lepromin skin test: TL vs LL?

A

TL - positive lepromin - good prognosis, intact CMI, can be contained in granulomas
LL - negative lepromin - poor prognosis

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31
Q

Leprosy with thickened palpable superficial nerves and 1-2 hypopigmented skin lesions?

A

Tuberculoid leprosy

Intact CMI

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32
Q

DOC for leprosy? A/E?

A

Dapsone

Can cause methemoglobinemia

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33
Q

DOC for erythema nodosum leprosum?

A

Thalidomide

Can cause phocomelia

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34
Q

Anaerobe that grow like molds and are due to broken jaws or dental trauma?

A

Actinomyces israelii

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35
Q

Other use of BCG besides TB prevention?

A

Intravesical infusion of Bladder ca

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36
Q

Transmission of leprosy?

A

Prolonged exposure to nasal secretions of patients with lepromatous leprosy

37
Q

Tender red nodules on both shins that signify acute flare ups of leprosy?

A

Erythema nodosum leprosum

38
Q

Normal habitat of Actinomyces israelii?

A

Mouth and GIT

39
Q

What is seen when Actinomyces israelii is examined under a microscope?

A

Sulfur granules - yellow granules

Microcolonies of Actinomyces israelii

40
Q

Treatment of Actinomyces israelii?

A

Pen G

Surgical drainage of pus

41
Q

Aerobic weakly acid fast gram positive rods that resemble fungi? With aerial hyphae

A

Nocardia asteroides

42
Q

Special stain for Nocardia asteroides?

A

Fite Faraco stain

No fight! Nocardia fite faraco!

43
Q

Manifestation of Nocardia asteroides after inhalation from soil?

A

Mycetomas

Lung and brain abscess (orange colonies)

44
Q

Treatment for Nocardia asteroides?

A

Sulfa SNAP

TMP SMX

45
Q

MCC of walking pneumonia?

Clinical symptoms NOT compatible with xray findings

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

46
Q

True or false: Mycoplasma pneumoniae has a cell wall.

A

False. Only a cell membrane with sterols. Smallest!

47
Q

Virulence factor of Mycoplasma pneumoniae that aids in attachment to respiratory epithelial cells?

A 
P1 protein (adhesin)
Toll like receptor 2 protein
48
Q

Diagnostic test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae done at bedside using RBCs?

A

Cold agglutinin test
Clump when cold
Disintegrate or unclump at room temp

49
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the MCC (infectious) of this skin lesion?

A

Steven Johnson

50
Q

Culture used for Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Eaton’s medium

51
Q

DOC for Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Erythromycin or Tetracycline

Pen and ceph ineffective because no cell wall

52
Q

Method used to visualize Treponema pallidum because it is too thin to stain?

A

Darkfield microscopy

53
Q

Treponema pallidum has no known toxins or destructive enzymes. How is it transmitted?

A

Occupy genital tract

By sexual contact or transplacental

54
Q

Characteristic lesion of primary syphilis?

A

Painless chancre

2-10weeks

55
Q

Chancroid in H. ducreyi vs Syphilis chancre?

A

Chancroid painful!

“Do cry” ducreyi

56
Q

Description of primary chancre

A

Punched out base, folded borders
VERY INFECTIOUS
Treponema pallidum swimming pool

57
Q

Characteristic lesion in secondary syphilis?

A

Condyloma latum

Painless wartlike in warm moist areas like vulva and scrotum

58
Q

Syphilitic phase when no symptoms but serologic tests remain positive?

A

Latent phase

59
Q

Granulomatous lesions in tertiary syphilis?

A

Gumma

Skin and bone (deep gnawing pain)

60
Q

Cardiovascular manifestion of tertiary syphilis?

A

Aortitis or Aortic aneurysm
Weakened tunica media due to endarteritis of vasa vasorum (obliterate small vessels)
Tree back appearance of aorta

61
Q

Tabes dorsalis affects what part of spinal cord?

A

Posterior column - vibratory proprioception

Dorsal roots - pain and temp areflexia

62
Q

Pupils of tertiary syphilis aka?

A 
Argyll Robertson (Prostitute's pupil)
Accommodates but does not react (to light)
63
Q

Runny nose in early congenital syphilis?

A

Snuffles

64
Q

Bone and teeth manifestations of congenital syphilis?

A

Saddle nose - destroyed nasal septum
Hutchinson teeth - upper incisors with central notch
Mulberry molars - too many cusps
Saber shins - bowing of legs due to tibial inflammation

65
Q

Unilateral enlargement with detachment and degeneration of clavicle in congenital syphilis is?

A

Higoumenakis sign

66
Q

MCC of death in congenital syphilis?

A

Pulmo hemo

67
Q

Antibiotic treatment for pregnant women to prevent congenital syphilis is done when?

A

Before 4 mos AOG

68
Q

False positive VDRL will be seen in?

A 
VDRL - ab to cardiolipin and lecithin
Viruses - EBV Hep
Drugs
RF or RA
Leprosy, Lupus
69
Q

DOC for syphilis?

A

Benzathine Pen G
Alternative: Erythromycin
Can cross placenta to cure congenital syphilis

70
Q

Influenza like symptoms few hours after syphilis patients receive pen?

A

Jarisch Herxheimer phenomenon
Due to lysis of treponemes
Also in leptospirosis and other spirochetes

71
Q

Largest medically important bacteria that causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

72
Q

Transmission of Lyme is via?

A

Ixodes tick (from mouse and deer)

73
Q

Primary lesion of Lyme disease?

A

Erythema chronicum migrans

74
Q

Lyme disease spreads to what organs during secondary stage?

A 
BAKE a LYME pie
Bell's, Arthritis, Kardiac block, ECM
Heart - AV block
Brain - CN 7 palsy (Bell's)
Joints - migratory polyarthritis (knees)
75
Q

DOC for Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

76
Q

Cause of relapsing fever?

A

Borrelia recurrentis

77
Q

What causes the relapse of fever in Borrelia?

A

Antigenic variation

78
Q

Vector for Borrelia recurrentis?

A

Human louse

Pediculus humanus

79
Q

DOC for relapsing fever?

A

Doxy or erythro

80
Q

Special culture medium for Leptospira?

A

EMJH

Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson Harris

81
Q

Characteristic shape of Leptospira when stained?

A

Shepherd’s crook “ice tongs”

82
Q

How long does the incubation period of Leptospira last?

A

2-20 days

83
Q

Usual muscle affected by Leptospira?

A

Gastrocnemius (calf tenderness)

Rapid multiplication in muscles with high oxygen tension

84
Q

Painful and itchy eyes during the acute leptospiremic phase that is due to damaged and leaky conjunctival vessels?

A

Conjunctival suffusion

85
Q

Type of hypersensitivity in leptospirosis meningitis and GN?

A

Immune complex

Type III

86
Q

CXR findings in leptospirosis?

A

Snow flake lesions

87
Q

Most severe form of lepto?

A

Weil’s

88
Q

Triad of Weil’s

A

Jaundice - orange skin
Bleeding - pulmo hemorrhage
Uremia - mental status changes

89
Q

Treatment of leptospirosis?

A

Pen G

Prophylaxis: Doxy

Microbiology (7 decks)

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