Gram Negative Rods Respi

Question 0

What medium is used to culture Haemophilus influenzae?

Answer 0

Chocolate agar

With factor x (hemin) and v (NAD)

Question 1

Gram negative rods that cause epiglottitis, meningitis and septic arthritis?

Answer 1

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 2

What phenomenon is shown by Haemophilus influenzae when it grows around Staph aureus colonies?

Answer 2

Satellite phenomenon

Question 3

What confers virulence to Haemophilus influenzae?

Answer 3

Polyribitol phosphate capsule
Type b - bad (most invasive)
vs.
Anthrax (poly d glutamate)

Question 4

What window are children most susceptible to Haemophilus influenzae infections?

Answer 4

6 months to 3 years

Decline in maternal antibodies and antibody formation does not start until 3

Question 5

Characteristic finding in epiglottitis?

Answer 5

Cherry red epiglottis

Stridor, dysphagia

Question 6

Complication if cherry red epiglottis is manipulated?

Answer 6

Laryngeal spasm

Will need intubation

Question 7

Most common bacterial and viral cause of exacerbation in COPD?

Answer 7

Bacterial - Haemophilus influenzae

Viral - influenza virus

Question 8

Compare epiglottitis with LTB

Answer 8

Epiglottitis - Cherry red, due to Hib, thumbprint sign, ceftriaxone
LTB - parainfluenza virus, steeple sign, aerosolized racemic epinephrine

Question 9

Hib vaccine conjugated to what toxoid and given between?

Answer 9

To diphtheria toxoid

Given between 2-18 months

Question 10

Special culture medium used for Bordetella pertussis?

Answer 10

Bordet Gengou or Regan Lowe charcoal medium

Question 11

Virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis that weakens the phagocytic ability of host neutrophils and lymphocytes?

Answer 11

False adenylate cyclase

Grenades

Question 12

Virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis that permit binding to ciliated epithelial cells in the bronchi?

Answer 12

FHA

Filamentous hemagglutinin

Question 13

Virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, toxin thought to be responsible for whooping cough?

Answer 13

Tracheal cytotoxin

Question 14

What stage of pertussis is the patient MOST contagious?

Answer 14

Catarrhal stage

1-2 weeks with flu like symptoms

Question 15

Incubation period of pertussis?

Answer 15

7-10 days no symptoms

Question 16

What stage of pertussis when fever subsides and violent cough develops?

Answer 16

Paroxysmal stage

Question 17

Final stage of pertussis when attacks become less frequent and secondary complications may develop?

Answer 17

Convalescent stage

Question 18

Secondary complications of pertussis?

Answer 18

Pneumonia
Seizures
Enceph

Question 19

DOC for pertussis?

Answer 19

Erythromycin

Also treat household contacts

Question 20

Primary prevention for pertussis?

Answer 20

DTaP vaccine or DPT

2,4,6,15-18months

Question 21

Top three causes of atypical pneumonia?

Answer 21

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - small, unable to be stained
Legionella pneumophila - poor uptake of stain
Chlamydia

Question 22

Special stain used for Legionella pneumophila due to its poor uptake of gramstain?

Answer 22

Silver stain

Legion of the silver pontiac

Question 23

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular organism similar to?

Answer 23

M. tuberculosis

Question 24

What medium is used to culture Legionella pneumophila?

Answer 24

Charcoal yeast extract agar | Legion of silver charcoal pontiac

Question 25

Habitat of Legionella pneumophila?

Answer 25

Manmade water sources | Air con

Question 26

How does Legionella pneumophila evade phagocytosis?

Answer 26

Prevent phagolysosome fusion | Like Chediak Higashi

Question 27

Characteristic of pneumonia cause by Legionella pneumophila

Answer 27

Nonbloody diarrhea | Hyponatremia

Question 28

DOC for Pontiac fever and Legionnaire's disease?

Answer 28

Erythromycin