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Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Special agar for fungi?

A

Saboraud’s agar

Low pH inhibits bacterial growth

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2
Q

Dermatophytes have this enzyme to allow destruction of skin hair and nails?

A

Keratinase

digest keratin

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3
Q

KOH test of dermatophytes?

A

Branched or septate hyphae

From skin scrapings of peripheral inflamed area

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4
Q

Used to visualize dermatophytes in hair?

A

Wood’s lamp

Green flourescence

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5
Q

Treatment for dermatophytes?

A

Keep skin dry

Topical imidazoles

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6
Q

Superficial skin infection called tinea versicolor is caused by?

A

Malassezia furfur

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7
Q

Appearance of M. furfur on 10% KOH?

A

Spaghetti and meatballs

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8
Q

Treatment of M. furfur?

A

Miconazole or selenium sulfide shampoo over areas of an an

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9
Q

Fungal infection from rose pricks, gardeners usually at risk? (Rose gardener’s disease)

A

Sporotrichosis

Sporothrix schenkii

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10
Q

Treatment of sporotrichosis?

A

Potassium iodide PO
Amphotericin B
POT a plant = POTassium iodide

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11
Q

How is coccidioides transmitted?

A

From soil, inhaled spores, become yeasts inside the human body

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12
Q

Mild pneumonia by coccidioides can become disseminated in which group of people?

A

Immunocompromised

AIDS patients with defective CMI

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13
Q

Characteristic erythematous nodules in coccidioides?

A

Dessert bumps

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14
Q

DOC for coccidioides?

A

Amphotericin B

If with meningitis: Fluconazole (cross BBB)

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15
Q

AE of amphotericin B?

A

Nephrotoxic

Cause tubular acidosis

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16
Q

Great mimickers of TB?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

Paragonimus westermani

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17
Q

How is Histoplasma capsulatum transmitted?

A

From bird and bat droppings (starlings or bat guano)

Common in people who went cave exploring

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18
Q

Diagnostic form of Histoplasma capsulatum?

A

Tuberculate MACROconidia

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19
Q

Infectious form of Histoplasma capsulatum?

A

Microconidia

Transmitted via inhalation of microconidia

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20
Q

Where does Histoplasma capsulatum multiply?

A

Macrophage

HIstoplasme HIdes in macrophages

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21
Q

Common lesion in Histoplasma capsulatum infection of AIDS patients?

A

Tongue ulcers on top of TB-like infection

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22
Q

DOC for Histoplasma capsulatum?

A

Amphotericin B

Fluconazole if with meningitis

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23
Q

Broad based bud that is the MCC of fungal pneumonia?

A

Blastomycoses

Blast Broad Based Bud

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24
Q

Transmission of Blastomycoses?

A

Inhalation of CONIDIA

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25
Q

DOC for Blastomycoses?

A

Itraconazole
I try to blast
(Amphotericin for severe)

26
Q

Dimorphic fungi that appear as mutiple buds in wheel configuration?

A

Paracoccidioides

mariner’s wheel

27
Q

Paracoccidioides common in what places?

A

South America

Brazil

28
Q

DOC for Paracoccidioides?

A

Itraconazole

Same as blastomycoses and sporotrichosis

29
Q

Appearance of Candida in serum?

A

Germ tubes

30
Q

Diseases caused by Candida in normal hosts?

A

Oral thrush
Vaginitis
Diaper rash

31
Q

Treatment for Candida oral thrush?

A

Swish and spit nystatin

32
Q

Predisposing factors for Candida vaginitis? With curd like (cheesy) discharge

A

OCPs
Pregnancy
Menstruation
Antibiotics are being taken

33
Q

Treatment for Candida vaginitis?

A

Imidazole vaginal suppositories

34
Q

Extension of oral thrush in immunocompromised caused by Candida?

A 
Pseudomembranous esophagitis
(Diphtheria - pharyngeal, Clostridium - colon)
35
Q

DOC for Candida skin infections?

A

Clotrimazole

Clo - Clothes - Cover skin

36
Q

DOC for Candida that is disseminated?

A

Amphotericin B

37
Q

Candida chemoprophylaxis?

A

Fluconazole

38
Q

Oval yeast that causes meninoencephalitis in AIDS patients?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

39
Q

Special stain for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

India ink

To visualize wide polysaccharide capsule

40
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans may be obtained from?

A

Pigeon droppings

vs Histoplasma in bat guano

41
Q

DOC for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Amphotericin B and Flucytosine

42
Q

Molds that appear as acute angle branching of septate hyphae?
Right angle branching?

A

Aspergillus (A)

Mucormycosis (M - wider)

43
Q

Lung infection by Aspergillus?

A

Aspergilloma (fungus ball)

Especially in immunocompromised

44
Q

Treatment of fungus ball?

A

Open thoracotomy to remove

45
Q

Asthmatic symptoms with brownish plugs in the bronchi by Aspergillus?

A

ABPA

Asthmatic bronchopulmo aspergillosis

46
Q

DOC for Aspergillus?

A

Amphotericin B

47
Q

Opportunistic lung infection if CD4<200? (Most common aids defining illness)

A

PCP

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

48
Q

Diagnosis of PCP by this stain of bronchoalveolar lavage washings?

A

Toluidine blue

Methenamine silver stain

49
Q

DOC for PCP?

50
Q

Oval yeast that causes meninoencephalitis in AIDS patients?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

51
Q

Special stain for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

India ink

To visualize wide polysaccharide capsule

52
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans may be obtained from?

A

Pigeon droppings

vs Histoplasma in bat guano

53
Q

DOC for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Amphotericin B and Flucytosine

54
Q

Molds that appear as acute angle branching of septate hyphae?
Right angle branching?

A

Aspergillus (A)

Mucormycosis (M - wider)

55
Q

Lung infection by Aspergillus?

A

Aspergilloma (fungus ball)

Especially in immunocompromised

56
Q

Treatment of fungus ball?

A

Open thoracotomy to remove

57
Q

Asthmatic symptoms with brownish plugs in the bronchi by Aspergillus?

A

ABPA

Asthmatic bronchopulmo aspergillosis

58
Q

DOC for Aspergillus?

A

Amphotericin B

59
Q

Opportunistic lung infection if CD4<200? (Most common aids defining illness)

A

PCP

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

60
Q

Diagnosis of PCP by this stain of bronchoalveolar lavage washings?

A

Toluidine blue

Methenamine silver stain

61
Q

DOC for PCP?

Microbiology (7 decks)

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