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1
Q

prostate secretions

A
  1. proteolytic enzymes
  2. PAP
  3. β-microseminoprotein
  4. PSA
  5. zinc
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2
Q

ejaculatory ducts?

A

formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle –> pass through the prostate, and open into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis.

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3
Q

Ampulla of vans deferens

A

enlargement of the vas deferens at the fundus of the bladder.

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4
Q

seminal vesicle

A

pair of glands which open into the vas deferens near to its junction with the urethra (before prostate) and secrete many of the components of semen

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5
Q

failure of processus vaginalis to close –>

A
  1. indirect inguinal

2. hydrocele

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6
Q

fate of vitelline duct

A

obliteration at 7 weeks

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7
Q

Urachus - everything

A

in 3rd week the yolk sac forms the allantois –> extentds into urogenital sinus –> Allantois becomes the urachus, a duct between fetal bladder and umbilicus

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8
Q

Amniotic band syndrome?

A

congenital disorder caused by entrapment of fetal parts (usually a limb or digits) in fibrous amniotic bands while in utero.

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9
Q

position of uterus

A

50% –> anterverted
25% retroverted
25% midverted
due to uterosacral ligament –> loss of the ligament –> prolapse into vagina

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10
Q

fructose rich compoment of sperm, and area

area of Bulbourethral gland of Cowper

A 
seminal vesicle (posteriolateral of bladder) 
seminal vesicle in ductus deferans (behind bladder) --> ejaculation duct 
cowper: junction between membranous + boublous urethra
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11
Q

epistomy - definition + types

A

it is an incision of the posterior wall of the vagina during labor:

  1. medline: extend posteriorly in the midline throught perineal body but not to the external anal sphincter (vertical)
  2. mediolateral: extend througth the bulbospongiosus + transcerus perineus muscle (less risk of damage fibers of external anal sphincter)
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12
Q

branches of internal iliac artery

A
  1. pelvic visceral branches: umbilical ar, uterine ar, ductus deferens, vaginal art, inferior vesical ar, middle rectal ar
  2. perineal branches: internal pubendal –> inf rectal, perineal branch, artery to bulb, deep ar of penis, dorsal ar of penis
  3. pelvic wall branches –> iliolumbar, lateral sacral
  4. lower limb branches –> superior glut, inf glut, oburator ar
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13
Q

pudendal nerve - branches

A

3 main branches –> inf rectal, perineal nerve, dorsal nerve of penis + clitoris

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14
Q

unresponsive to medical management postpartum hemorrhage –>

A

bilateral ligation of the internal iliax artery (aka as hypogasric artery)
the uterus has collateral blood flow (from ovarian art) –> sufficient to maintain uterine function

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15
Q

fibrinoids of uterus may located

A
  1. serosal surface (subserosal) –> IRREGULAR ENLARGED UTERUS –> bulk symptoms (eg. constipation)
  2. within uteral wall (intramural) –> reproductive difficulties
  3. below endometrium (SUBMUCOSAL) –> reproductive difficulties, bleeding
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16
Q

main target of kegel exercise

A

levator ani:

  1. iliococcygeus
  2. pubococcygeus
  3. puborectalis
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17
Q

levator ani injury –>

A
  1. urethral hypermobility

2. pelvic organ prolapse

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18
Q

inscision in cesarea delivery

A
  1. midline vertical sepration of the rectus abdominis muscle
  2. when additionally space necessary –> horizontal transection of the rectus abdominis –> risk for inferior epigastric arteries
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19
Q

arcuate line?

A

horizontal line below the umbilicus that demarcates the lower limit of the posterior rectus sheath. Above that, the rectus abdominis is sourounded by anterior + posterior sheath. Below only by anterior sheath

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20
Q

lymphatic system of lower extremities

A
  1. superficial lymphatic vessels (follow venous system)
  2. deep lymphatic vessels (follow arterial system)
    the superficial lymphatic system is also divided to medial + lateral
    medial bypass the popliteal nodes (like saphenus) –> inguinal area
    lateral do not bypass –> popliteal AND inguinal area
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21
Q

gonadal arteries course

A

right travels in front of IVC + behind ileum + left ar behind left colic + sigmoid art + iliac colon –> cross anteror the ureter –> paraller the external iliac vessels –> inguinal canal –> testes

22
Q

endometriosis in pouch of douglas

A

painful defecation, dyspareunia, plpable nodularity on rectpvaginal examination

23
Q

perineal body?

A

central tendon of the perineum –> lies in the midline between urogenital + anal triangle
the following structures are anchored to it:
1. bulbospongiosus muscle
2. external anal sphincter
3. superficial + deep transverse perinal muscle
4. fibers from external urethral sphincter, levator ani + muscular coat of rectum

24
Q

prostatic plexus - lies … / origin /

A
  • lies within the fascia of prostate
  • origin: inferior hypogastric plexus
  • gives rise to lesser + greater carvenous nerves
    risk for injury in prostatectomy –> erectile dysfunctin
25
Q

vesicouterine vs rectovesical pouch

A

females –> peritoneum onto anterior aspect of uterus (between uterus + bladder) –> vesicouterine pouch
males –> peritoneum onto anterior aspect of the rectum (between rectum + uterus –> rectovesical pouch

26
Q

ext iliac artery branches

A
  1. inf epigastric

2. deep circumflex iliac

27
Q

inf epigastric artery - course

A

branch of ext iliac immediately proximal to inguinal ligament –> supply to lower anterior abdominal wall as it rans superiorlu + and medially up to abdomen

28
Q

hypospandias - association

A
  1. inguinal hernia

2. cryptorhidism

29
Q

endometrial carcinoma - risk factors

A
  1. prolong use of estrogen without progestins
  2. obesity
  3. diabetes
  4. hypertension
  5. nulliparity
  6. late menopause
  7. Lynch syndrome
30
Q

Medulary carcinoma mimics … in mammograpy

A

fibroadenona

31
Q

Male female genital homologs - everything (embriogenic structure, derivatives - right for estrogen and left for dihydrotestosterone

A
  1. glans penis - genital tubercle - glans clitoris (ESG)
  2. Corpus cavernosum and spongiosum - genital tubercle - vestibular bulbs
  3. Balboulerthral glands of Cowper - urogenital sinus - greater vestibular glands of Bartholin
  4. Prostate gland - urogenital sinus - Urethral and paraourethral glands of skene
  5. ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra) - urogenital folds - labia minora
  6. scrotum - Labioscrotal swelling - Labia majora
32
Q

carpal tunnel contains

A
  1. tendos of flexor digitorum profandus, superficialis, pollicis longus (thumb flexor)
  2. median nerve
33
Q

major muscles responsible for hip motion

A
  1. flexion: ilipsoas, rectus femoris, tensor fascia lata
  2. extension: gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head of biceps
  3. abduction medius/minimus
  4. adduction: adductor brevis/longus/magnus
34
Q

piriformis location / action / clinical significance

A

passes through the greater sciatic foramen + is involved with external rotation –> muscle injury or hypertrophy –> compress sciatic nerve in the foramen –> PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME –> tender muscle in deep palpation or on adduction + internal location
structure passing above piriformis: superior gluteal vessels + nerves
structure passing below piriformis: inferior gluteal vessels, internal pupendal vessels, multiple nerves (esp sciatic)

35
Q

sciatic foramen is divided to … by

A

greater + lesser foramen by sacrospinous ligament

36
Q

liver - posterior ribs
renal - posterior rbs
Spleen

A

8-11
11-12
9-11

37
Q

Kidney location

A
  • T12-L3
  • right is lower (because of the liver)
  • left is slightly larger
38
Q

Alkaline sperm secretions - from

A

Prostate

39
Q

The larger volume of secretions in sperm - from

A

Seminal vesicles

40
Q

Cleft lip - mechanism/presentation

A

failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal process (formation of 1ry palate) –> split in the upper lip on one or both sides of the centre

41
Q

Cleft palate - mechanism

A

failure of fusion of the 2 lateral palatine shelves or failure of fusion of lateral palatine shelves with the nasal septum and/or median palatine shelf (formation of 2ry palate)

42
Q
  1. Cleft lip - when

2. Cleft palate - when

A
  1. 5-6 weeks

2. 7-8 weeks

43
Q

Peak height velocity (when)

A

1 year after initiation of breast development (turner 3)

44
Q

also in fetal alcohol manifestation

A

low ear

increased space between eyes

45
Q

tamoxifen - lipid profile

A

decreases LDL
no change in HDL
increases TG in some patients

46
Q

pregnancy - hair

A

high estrogen + progest -> increased hair growth

topical only minimal

47
Q

absolute contraindication for OCPs

A
  1. prior hostory of thromboembolic event or stroke
  2. History of estrogen-dep tumor
  3. women over 35 who smoke heavily
  4. Hypertriglyceredimea
  5. Pregnancy
  6. decompresated or active liver disease (would impair steroid metabolism)
48
Q

clonidine, β-blockers, thiazides - in pregnancy

A

clonidine - safe but 2nd line
β-blockers - safe
thiazides - fetal thrombocytopenia + jundice, but safe (you can continue, but not start)

49
Q

phenytoin vs valproic acid according to teratogenesis

A

phenytoin –> hydantoid syndrome

valproic acid –> spina bifida

50
Q

women whoo benefits extend extend the risk of tamoxifen

A

patients B –> women more than 50 with hysterctomy

51
Q

medications used for pregnancy termination

A
  1. misoprostol (PGL E1 agonist) –> cervical softening and uterine contraction
  2. Mifepristome (prog antagonist –> necrosis of uterine decidua, glucocortic antag)
  3. Methotrexate
52
Q

actin of progestins in contraception

A
  1. if local (noethndrone pill or levnorgestrel IUD) –> thickness of cervial mucus –> impair sperm penetration
  2. systemic -(impant/injection, pill, patch, vaginal ring) –> suppresses axon

Reproductive (20 decks)

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